Higher Classification: > Kingdom Animalia > Subkingdom Eumetazoa > Phylum Cnidaria > Subphylum Anthozoa > Class Hexacorallia > Order Zoantharia > Suborder Macrocnemina > Family Epizoanthidae

Epizoanthus Gray, 1867

Rank: Genus
Taxon Status: accepted

Relationships towards this taxon

Genus group names

Mardoell Danielssen, 1890 synonym

Children

Epizoanthus abyssorum Verrill, 1885
Epizoanthus arenaceus (Delle Chiaje, 1841)
Epizoanthus beerenislandicus Carlgren, 1913
Epizoanthus cancrisocius Martens, 1876
Epizoanthus couchii (Johnston in Couch, 1844)
Epizoanthus danielsseni Carlgren, 1913
Epizoanthus erdmanni (Danielssen, 1890)
Epizoanthus frenzeli Pax, 1937
Epizoanthus glacialis Danielssen, 1890
Epizoanthus koreni Carlgren, 1913
Epizoanthus lindahli Carlgren, 1913
Epizoanthus macintoshi Haddon & Shackleton, 1891
Epizoanthus mediterraneus Carlgren, 1935
Epizoanthus norvegicus (Koren & Danielssen, 1877)
Epizoanthus paguricola Roule, 1900
Epizoanthus paguriphilus Verrill, 1883
Epizoanthus papillosus Johnston, 1842
Epizoanthus paxii Abel, 1955
Epizoanthus roseus Danielssen, 1890
Epizoanthus steueri Pax, 1937
Epizoanthus tergestinus Pax, 1937
Epizoanthus univittatus (Lorenz, 1860)
Epizoanthus vagus Herberts, 1972
Epizoanthus vatovai Pax & Lochter, 1935

Literature

original description

Gray, J. E. (1867). Notes on Zoanthinæ, with the descriptions of some new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 15, 233-240

basis of record

van der Land, J.; den Hartog, J.H. (2001). Actiniaria, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 106-109

additional source

Sinniger, F.; Reimer, J.D.; Pawlowski, J. (2010). The Parazoanthidae (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) DNA taxonomy: description of two new genera. Marine Biodiversity, 40(1), 57-70.

additional source

Fenner, D. P. (2005). Corals of Hawai'i. A Field Guide to the Hard, Black, and Soft Corals of Hawai'i and the Northwest Hawaiian Islands, Including Midway. Mutual Publishing, Ltd., Honolulu. 144 pp.

additional source

Weill, R., 1934. Contribution à l'étude des Cnidaires et de leurs nématocystes. II. Valeur taxonomique du cnidôme. Trav. Stn zool. Wimereux 11 : 349-701.

additional source

Haddon, A. C. (1898). The Actiniaria of Torres Straits. Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society, 6, 2, 393-520

additional source

Pawlik, J. R.; Chanas, B.; Toonen, R. J.; Fenical, W. H. (1995). Defences of Caribbean sponges against predatory reef fish. I. Chemical deterrency. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 127, 183-194

additional source

Beneden, É. (1890). Les Anthozoaires pélagiques recueillis par M. le professeur Hensen dans son expédition du Plankton. Communication préliminaire. I. - Une larve voisine de la larve de Semper. Archives de Biologie, 10, 485-521

additional source

Fosså, S. A.; Nilsen, A. J. (1995). Korallenriff-Aquarium, 4. Nesseltiere in Korallenriff und für das Korallenriff-Aquarium. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag. Bornheim, Germany., edition 1st, volume 4, pp. 447.

additional source

Colin, P.L.; Arneson, C. (1995). Tropical Pacific Invertebrates. A fieldGuide to the Marine Invertebrates Occurring on Tropical Pacific Coral Reefs, Seagrass Beds and Mangroves. Coral Reef Press: Irvine, USA. 1-296.

additional source

Ryland, J. S.; Lancaster, J. E. (2003). Revision of methods for separating species of Protopalythoa (Hexacorallia : Zoanthidea) in the tropical West Pacific. Invertebrate Systematics. 17(3): 407-428.

additional source

Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. 627 pp.

additional source

Muirhead, A. M.; Tyler, P. A. (1986). Reproductive biology and growth of the genus Epizoanthus (Zoanthidea) from the north-east Atlantic. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66, 131-143

additional source

Ross, D.M., 1974. Behavior patterns in associations and interactions with other animals. In: L. Muscatine & H.M. Lenhoff, eds, Coelenterate Biology. Reviews and new perspectives : 281-312.

additional source

Dunn, D. F. (1982). Cnidaria. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York and other cities., volume 1, pp. 669-706

additional source

Carlgren, O. (1913). Zoantharia. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition. 5(4): 1-62.

additional source

Roule, L. (1900). Sur les genres Palythoa et Epizoanthus. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris, 131, 279-281

additional source

Duerden, J. E. (1896). Zoanthidæ at Port Henderson. Journal of the Institute of Jamaica, 2(3): 285-287

additional source

Haddon, A. and Shackleton, A. (1891). Reports on the zoological collections made in Torres Straits by Professor A. C. Haddon, 1888-1889. Actiniæ: I. Zoantheæ. Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society. 4 (13): 673-701.

additional source

Grygier, M.J. (1996). A world list of coral reef-associated Ascothoracida (Crustacea), with remarks on Lauridae Petrarcidae, and Dendrogastridae from Okinawa, Japan. Galaxea. 13: 15-33.

additional source

Duerden, J. E. (1898). On the relations of certain Stichodactylinae to the Madreporaria. Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology), 26, 635-653

additional source

Walsh, G. E. (1967). An Annotated Bibliography of the Families Zoanthidae, Epizoanthidae, and Parazoanthidae (Coelenterata, Zoantharia). Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology. Honolulu., pp. 77.

additional source

Hoover, J. P. (1998). Hawaii's Sea Creatures. Mutual Publishing. Honolulu., edition 1st, pp. 366.

additional source

Faurot, L. (1895). Études sur l'anatomie, l'histologie et le développement des actinies. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale, 3, 3, 43-262

additional source

Hirose, M.; Obuchi, M.; Hirose, E.; Reimer, J. D. (2011). Timing of spawning and early development of Palythoa tuberculosa (Anthozoa, Zoantharia, Sphenopidae) in Okinawa, Japan. Biological Bulletin, 220(23-31): 23-31

additional source

Kaplan, E. H. (1982). A Field Guide to Coral Reefs: Caribbean and Florida. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. pp 289.

additional source

Gravely, F.H., 1941. Shells and other animal remains found on the Madras beach. I. Groups other than snails, etc. (Mollusca Gastropoda). Bull. Madras Govt Mus., n. ser., nat. Hist. 5 1: 1-112.

additional source

Reimer, J.D.; Sinniger, F. (2010). Unexpected diversity in Canadian Pacific zoanthids (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia): a molecular examination and description of a new species from the waters of British Columbia. Mar. Biodiv., 40(4): 249-260.

additional source

Pax, F. (1934). Anthozoa (Teil I. Allgemeines, Ceriantharia, Antipatharia, Zoantharia, Madreporaria). Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostee, 26, 39-53

additional source

Ryland, J. S. et al. (2000). Semper’s (zoanthid) larvae: pelagic life, parentage and other problems. Hydrobiologia, 440: 191-198

additional source

Cutress, C. E.; West, D. A. (1973). The symbiotic zoanthids of Puerto Rico with observations on their biology. Proceedings of the Association of Island Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean, 9, 23

additional source

Alcock A., 1893. On some Actiniaria from the Indian seas. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. vol 62, part 2, N 3: 151-153

additional source

Pax, F. 1937. Die Korallenfauna der Adria. Teil 1: Krustenanemonen. Thalassia. 2(7):3-66.

additional source

Tischbierek, H. (1930). Zoanthiden auf Wurmröhren. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 91, 91-95

additional source

Duerden, J. E. (1902). Report on the actinians of Porto Rico [Investigations of the aquatic resources and fisheries of Porto Rico by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Fish Hawk in 1899]. Bulletin of the U.S. Fisheries Commission, 20, 2, 323-374

additional source

McMurrich, J. P. (1889). The Actiniaria of the Bahama Islands, W.I. Journal of Morphology, 3(1): 1-80

additional source

Ocaña, O.; Brito, A.; Núñez, J.; Bacallado, J. J. (1995). Redescripción de Gerardia savaglia (Bertoloni, 1819) (Anthozoa: Zoantharia: Gerardiidae). Vieraea, 24, 153-164

additional source

Herberts, C. (1972). Etude systématique de quelques zoanthaires tempérés et tropicaux. Tethys. Supplement 3, pp. 69-156.

additional source

Keller, N. B.; Naumov, D. V.; Pasternak, F. A. (1975). Bottom deep-sea Coelenterata from the Gulf and Caribbean [In Russian]. Transactions of the Institute of Oceanology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 100, 147-159

additional source

Cairns, S.D., L. Gershwin, F.J. Brook, P. Pugh, E.W. Dawson, O.V. Ocaña, W. Vervoort, G. Williams, J.E. Watson, D.M. Opresko, P. Schuchert, P.M. Hine, D.P. Gordon, H.I. Campbell, A.J. Wright, J.A.Sánchez & D.G. Fautin. (2009). Phylum Cnidaria: corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans. in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. :59-101.

additional source

Van Beneden, E. (1897). Les Anthozoaires de la Plankton-Expedition = Die Anthozoen der Plankton-Expedition. Ergebnisse der in dem Atlantischen Ocean von Mitte Juli bis Anfang November 1889 ausgeführten Plankton-Expedition der Humboldt-Stiftung, II. K.e.. Lipsius & Tischer: Kiel. 222 + XVIII plates pp.

additional source

Roule, L. (1900). Description d'une nouvelle espèce Méditerranéenne de zoanthidé, commensale des pagures (Palythoa-Gemmaria-Paguricola). Bulletin de la Societé Zoologique de France, 25, 120-125

additional source

Seifert, R. (1928). Die Nesselkapseln der Zoantharien und ihre differentialdiagnostische Bedeutung. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 55, 419-500

additional source

Pax, F.; Müller, I. (1962). Die Anthozoenfauna der Adria / Fauna antozoa Jadrana. Fauna et Flora Adriatica, 3, 1-343

additional source

Haddon, A. C. (1889). A revision of the British Actiniae. Part I. Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society, 4, 2, 297-361

additional source

Reimer, J.D.; Fujii, T. (2010). Four new species and one new genus of zoanthids (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Galápagos Islands. ZooKeys, 42: 1-36.

additional source

Fossa, S. A.; Nilsen, A. J. (1998). The Modern Coral Reef Aquarium. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, Germany. volume 2, pp 479.

additional source

Ryland, J. S. (1997). Reproduction in Zoanthidea (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 31(1-3): 177-188

additional source

Jaeckel, S. (1953). Zur Biologie der Actinie Amphianthus radiatus Carlgren und des Brachiopoden Pelagodiscus atlanticus King. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 150(1-2): 38-40

additional source

Parker, T.; Tunnicliffe, V. (1994). Dispersal strategies of the biota on an oceanic seamount: implications for ecology and biogeography. Biol. Bull., 187: 336-345

additional source

Herberts, C. (1987). Ordre des Zoanthaires. Masson. Paris., pp. 783-810

additional source

Pax, F. (1911). Aktinien der Aru-Inseln. Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft. 33: 297-304.

additional source

Herberts, C. (1976). Sur trois zoanthaires nouveaux pour Tuléar, Madagascar. Beaufortia, 25(320): 33-47

additional source

Neave, Sheffield Airey. (1939-1996). Nomenclator Zoologicus vol. 1-10 Online. [Online Nomenclator Zoologicus at Checklistbank. Ubio link has gone].

additional source

Sebens, K. P. (1998). Anthozoa: Actiniaria, Zoanthidea, Corallimorpharia, and Ceriantharia. National Marine Fisheries Service. Seattle., volume 141, pp. 1-67

additional source

Endean, R. (1982). Australia's Great Barrier Reef. University of Queensland Press. St Lucia, London, New York., edition 1st, pp. 348.

additional source

Ates, R. M. L. (1995). Colonial anemones - Zoanthiniaria. A review for the seriously interested marine aquarist. Aquarium Frontiers, Spring 1995, 10-13

additional source

Balss, H. (1924). Über Anpassungen und Symbiose der Paguriden. Eine zusammenfassende übersicht. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere, 1, 752-792

additional source

Menon, K. R. (1927). Subclass Zoantharia (except Scleractiniae). Bulletin of Madras Government Museum (Natural History Section), 1(1): 31-40

additional source

Grygier, M.J. (1985). Lauridae: taxonomy and morphology of ascothoracid crustacean parasites of zoanthids. Bulletin of Marine Science. 36(2): 278-303.

additional source

Carlgren, O. (1923). Ceriantharia und Zoantharia der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Deutsche Tiefsee-Expedition 1898-1899. 19(7): 243-337.

additional source

Pax, F. (1957). Die Zoantharien des Golfes von Neapel. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli. 30: 309-329.

additional source

Ryland, J. S.; Muirhead, A. M. (1991). Epizoanthus Gray, 1867 (Cnidaria, Anthozoa): proposed conservation. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 48(1): 19-21

additional source

Belcik, F. P. (1977). A distribution study of the Octocorallia of Oregon. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 24(1-3): 49-52

additional source

Dixon, G.Y. & A.F. Dixon, 1891. Report on the marine Invertebrate fauna near Dublin. Proc R. Ir. Acad. -32 : 19-33.

additional source

Muirhead, A. M.; Ryland, J. S. (1984). Order Zoanthidea. Australian Coral Reef Society. Brisbane., edition 2nd, pp. 29-33

additional source

den Hartog, J. C. (1997). The sea anemone fauna of Indonesian coral reefs. Periplus Editions. Republic of Singapore., chapter Box 8.2, volume 7, pp. 351-370

additional source

Ocaña, O.; Brito, A. (2004). A review of Gerardiidae (Anthozoa: Zoantharia) from the Macronesian Islands and the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species. Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 15(3-4): 159-189

additional source

Hyman, L.H., 1940. The Invertebrates: Protozoa through Ctenophora. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. New York and London : i-xii, 1-726.

additional source

Erdmann, A. (1885). Ueber einige neue Zoantheen. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft, 19, 430-488

additional source

Herberts, C. (1972). Contribution à l'étude écologique de quelques zoanthaires tempérés et tropicaux. Marine Biology, 13, 127-136

additional source

Manuel RL. (1979) Some new records of Anthozoa from British waters. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 59:393-397

Genbank

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Citation

Reimer, J.D.; Sinniger, F. (2025). World List of Zoantharia. Epizoanthus Gray, 1867. Via: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvantidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2011) European Register of Marine Species, Accessed through PESI at http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:100790

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Occurrence

 Present  Absent  Doubtful  Native  Introduced  Naturalised  Invasive  Managed  No data

Environment


marine, not brackish, not fresh, not terrestrial

Importance

no data

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GUID

urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:100790

Last modified

2014-06-13 by Frederic Sinniger

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