Higher Classification: > Kingdom Chromista > Subkingdom Harosa > Infrakingdom Alveolata > Phylum Myzozoa > Subphylum Dinozoa > Infraphylum Dinoflagellata > Class Dinophyceae > Subclass Peridiniphycidae > Order Gonyaulacales > Family Pyrocystaceae > Subfamily Ostreopsidoideae > Genus Alexandrium

Alexandrium minutum Halim, 1960

Rank: Species
Taxon Status: accepted

Relationships towards this taxon

Genus group names

*Alexandrium*	Halim, 1960	accepted genus name
*Gessnerium*	Halim ex Halim, 1967	synonym
*Protogonyaulax*	F.J.R.Taylor, 1979	synonym

Species group names

*Alexandrium angustitabulatum*	F.J.R.Taylor, 1995	synonym; nom. illeg.

Literature

original description	Halim Y. (1960). Alexandrium minutum, n. gen. n. sp. dinoflagellé provocant des “eaux rouges”. Vie et Milieu. 11: 102-105.
basis of record	Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2025). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. searched on YYYY-MM-DD.
additional source	Chang, F.H.; Charleston, W.A.G.; McKenna, P.B.; Clowes, C.D.; Wilson, G.J.; Broady, P.A. (2012). Phylum Myzozoa: dinoflagellates, perkinsids, ellobiopsids, sporozoans, in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2012). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 3. Kingdoms Bacteria, Protozoa, Chromista, Plantae, Fungi. pp. 175-216.
additional source	Moestrup, Ø., Akselman, R., Cronberg, G., Elbraechter, M., Fraga, S., Halim, Y., Hansen, G., Hoppenrath, M., Larsen, J., Lundholm, N., Nguyen, L. N., Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards). IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae.
additional source	Hallegraeff G.M., Steffensen D.A. & Wetherbee R. 1988. Three estuarine Australian dinoflagellates that can produce paralytic shellfish toxins. J. Plankton Res. 10: 533-541.
additional source	Tomas, C.R. (Ed.). (1997). Identifying marine phytoplankton. Academic Press: San Diego, CA [etc.] (USA). ISBN 0-12-693018-X. XV, 858 pp.
additional source	Balech, E. 1995. The Genus Alexandrium Halim (Dinoflagellata). Sherkin Island Marine Station, Sherkin Island, Co. Cork, Ireland, 151.
additional source	Ignatiades, L.; Gotsis-Skretas, O.; Metaxatos, A. (2007). Field and culture studies on the ecophysiology of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum (Halim) present in Greek coastal waters. Harmful Algae. 6(2): 153-165.
redescription	Balech, E. (1989). Redescription of Alexandrium minutum Halim (Dinophyceae) type species of the genus Alexandrium. Phycologia. 28(2), 206–211.
toxicology source	Chang F.H., Anderson D.M., Kulis D.M. & Till D.G. 1997. Toxin production of Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae) from the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. Toxicon 35: 393-409.
toxicology source	Franco J.M., Fernandez P. & Reguera B. 1994. Toxin profiles of natural population and cultures of Alexandrium minutum Halim from Galician (Spain) coastal waters. J. Appl. Phycol. 6: 275-279.
toxicology source	Oshima Y., Hirota M., Yasumoto T., Hallegraeff G.M., Blackburn S.I. & Steffensen D.A. 1989. Production of paralytic shellfish toxins by the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum Halim from Australia. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 55: 925.
ecology source	Leles, S. G.; Mitra, A.; Flynn, K. J.; Tillmann, U.; Stoecker, D.; Jeong, H. J.; Burkholder, J.; Hansen, P. J.; Caron, D. A.; Glibert, P. M.; Hallegraeff, G.; Raven, J. A.; Sanders, R. W.; Zubkov, M. (2019). Sampling bias misrepresents the biogeographical significance of constitutive mixotrophs across global oceans. Global Ecology and Biogeography. 28(4): 418-428.
ecology source	Jeong, H.; Park, J.; Nho, J.; Park, M.; Ha, J.; Seong, K.; Jeng, C.; Seong, C.; Lee, K.; Yih, W. (2005). Feeding by red-tide dinoflagellates on the cyanobacterium Synechococcus. Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 41: 131-143.
ecology source	Mitra, A.; Caron, D. A.; Faure, E.; Flynn, K. J.; Leles, S. G.; Hansen, P. J.; McManus, G. B.; Not, F.; Do Rosario Gomes, H.; Santoferrara, L. F.; Stoecker, D. K.; Tillmann, U. (2023). The Mixoplankton Database (MDB): Diversity of photo‐phago‐trophic plankton in form, function, and distribution across the global ocean. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 70(4).

Genbank

Taxonomy

Published in AlgaeBase

Citation

Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2025). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Alexandrium minutum Halim, 1960. Via: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvantidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2011) European Register of Marine Species, Accessed through PESI at http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:109711