Higher Classification: > Kingdom Chromista > Subkingdom Harosa > Infrakingdom Alveolata > Phylum Myzozoa > Subphylum Dinozoa > Infraphylum Dinoflagellata > Class Dinophyceae > Subclass Peridiniphycidae > Order Gonyaulacales > Family Pyrocystaceae > Subfamily Ostreopsidoideae > Genus Alexandrium

Alexandrium tamarense (Lebour) Balech, 1995

Rank: Species
Taxon Status: accepted

Relationships towards this taxon

Genus group names

*Alexandrium*	Halim, 1960	accepted genus name
*Gessnerium*	Halim ex Halim, 1967	synonym
*Protogonyaulax*	F.J.R.Taylor, 1979	synonym

Species group names

*Gonyaulax tamarensis*	Lebour, 1925	basionym

Literature

basis of record	Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2025). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. searched on YYYY-MM-DD.
basis of record	Gómez, F. (2005). A list of free-living dinoflagellate species in the world's oceans. Acta Bot. Croat. 64(1): 129-212.
additional source	Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2025). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. searched on YYYY-MM-DD.
additional source	Tomas, C.R. (Ed.). (1997). Identifying marine phytoplankton. Academic Press: San Diego, CA [etc.] (USA). ISBN 0-12-693018-X. XV, 858 pp.
additional source	Scott, F.J.; Marchant, H.J. (Ed.). (2005). Antarctic marine protists. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra. ISBN 0-642-56835-9. 563 pp.
additional source	Chang, F.H.; Charleston, W.A.G.; McKenna, P.B.; Clowes, C.D.; Wilson, G.J.; Broady, P.A. (2012). Phylum Myzozoa: dinoflagellates, perkinsids, ellobiopsids, sporozoans, in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2012). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 3. Kingdoms Bacteria, Protozoa, Chromista, Plantae, Fungi. pp. 175-216.
additional source	Balech, E. 1995. The Genus Alexandrium Halim (Dinoflagellata). Sherkin Island Marine Station, Sherkin Island, Co. Cork, Ireland, 151.
additional source	Moestrup, Ø., Akselman, R., Cronberg, G., Elbraechter, M., Fraga, S., Halim, Y., Hansen, G., Hoppenrath, M., Larsen, J., Lundholm, N., Nguyen, L. N., Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards). IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae.
additional source	Zou, C.; Ye, R.-M.; Zheng, J.-W.; Luo, Z.-H.; Gu, H.-F.; Yang, W.-D.; Li, H.-Y.; Liu, J.-S. (2014). Molecular phylogeny and PSP toxin profile of the Alexandrium tamarense species complex along the coast of China. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 89(1-2): 209-219.
additional source	Balech, E. (2002). Dinoflagelados tecados tóxicos en el Cono Sur Americano. In: Sar, E.A., Ferrario, M.E. & Reguera, B. (Eds.). Floraciones Algales Nocivas en el Cono Sur Americano. Instituto Español de Oceanografía. pp. 123-144.
additional source	Higman, W. A.; Stone, D. M.; Lewis, J. M. (2001). Sequence comparisons of toxic and non-toxic Alexandrium tamarense (Dinophyceae) isolates from UK waters. Phycologia. 40(3): 256-262.
additional source	Brandt, S. (2001). Dinoflagellates, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 47-53
additional source	Orr, R. J.; Stüken, A.; Rundberget, T.; Eikrem, W.; Jakobsen, K. S. (2011). Improved phylogenetic resolution of toxic and non-toxic Alexandrium strains using a concatenated rDNA approach. Harmful Algae. 10(6): 676-688.
redescription	John, U.; Litaker, R. W.; Montresor, M.; Murray, S.; Brosnahan, M. L.; Anderson, D. M. (2014). Formal revision of the Alexandrium tamarense species complex (Dinophyceae) taxonomy: The introduction of five species with emphasis on molecular-based (rDNA) cassification. Protist. 165(6): 779-804.
new combination reference	Balech, E. (1985). The genus Alexandrium or Gonyaulax of the tamarensis group. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White and D.G. Baden (Eds.) Toxic Dinoflagellates. New York: Elsevier. P. 33–38.
toxicology source	Lugliè, A.; Giacobbe, M. G.; Riccardi, E.; Bruno, M.; Pigozzi, S.; Mariani, M. A.; Satta, C. T.; Stacca, D.; Bazzoni, A. M.; Caddeo, T.; Farina, P.; Padedda, B. M.; Pulina, S.; Sechi, N.; Milandri, A. (2017). Paralytic Shellfish Toxins and Cyanotoxins in the Mediterranean: New Data from Sardinia and Sicily (Italy). Microorganisms. 5(4): 72.
ecology source	Jeong, H.; Yoo, Y.; Park, J.; Song, J.; Kim, S.; Lee, S.; Kim, K.; Yih, W. (2005). Feeding by phototrophic red-tide dinoflagellates: five species newly revealed and six species previously known to be mixotrophic. Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 40: 133-150.

Genbank

Taxonomy

Published in AlgaeBase

Citation

Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2025). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Alexandrium tamarense (Lebour) Balech, 1995. Via: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvantidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2011) European Register of Marine Species, Accessed through PESI at http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:109714