Higher Classification: > Kingdom Animalia > Subkingdom Eumetazoa > Phylum Cnidaria > Subphylum Anthozoa > Class Hexacorallia > Order Zoantharia > Suborder Brachycnemina > Family Zoanthidae > Genus Isaurus

Isaurus tuberculatus Gray, 1828

Rank: Species
Taxon Status: accepted

Relationships towards this taxon

Genus group names

*Isaurus*	Gray, 1828	accepted genus name

Species group names

*Isaurus duchassaingi*	Andres, 1884	synonym
*Isaurus spongiosa*	Andres, 1877	synonym

Vernaculars (+) (-)

English: Duchassaing's colonial anemone; snake polyps sources: Kaplan, E. H. (1988). A Field Guide to Southeastern and Caribbean Seashores: Cape Hatteras to the Gulf Coast, Florida, and the Caribbean. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. pp 425.;Cole, T. C. H. (2017). Wörterbuch der Wirbellosen / Dictionary of Invertebrates. Latein-Deutsch-English. 2017. Springer Spektrum: Berlin. ISBN 978-3-662-52869-3. XII, 574 pp.

German: Schlangenpolyp

Literature

original description	Gray, J. E. (1828-1830). Spicilegia zoologica; or, original figures and short systematic descriptions of new and unfigured animals. Treüttel, Würtz & Co. & Wood. Parts I & II: part I, 1–8, pls. 1–6 (1 July 1828); part II, 9–12, pls. 7–11 (August 1830).
basis of record	van der Land, J.; den Hartog, J.H. (2001). Actiniaria, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 106-109
additional source	Seifert, R. (1928). Die Nesselkapseln der Zoantharien und ihre differentialdiagnostische Bedeutung. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 55, 419-500
additional source	Van Beneden, E. (1897). Les Anthozoaires de la Plankton-Expedition = Die Anthozoen der Plankton-Expedition. Ergebnisse der in dem Atlantischen Ocean von Mitte Juli bis Anfang November 1889 ausgeführten Plankton-Expedition der Humboldt-Stiftung, II. K.e.. Lipsius & Tischer: Kiel. 222 + XVIII plates pp.
additional source	Haddon, A. and Shackleton, A. (1891). A revision of the British actiniæ. Part II.: The Zoantheæ. Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society. 4 (12): 609-672.
additional source	Pax, F. (1910). Studien an westindischen Actinien. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Suppl. 11(2): 157-330
additional source	Ryland, J. S. et al. (2000). Semper’s (zoanthid) larvae: pelagic life, parentage and other problems. Hydrobiologia, 440: 191-198
additional source	Reimer, J. D.; Hirose, M.; Irei, Y.; Obuchi, M.; Sinniger, F. (2011). The sands of time: rediscovery of the genus Neozoanthus (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) and evolutionary aspects of sand incrustation in brachycnemic zoanthids. Marine Biology, 158, 983-993
additional source	Haddon, A. and Shackleton, A. (1891). Reports on the zoological collections made in Torres Straits by Professor A. C. Haddon, 1888-1889. Actiniæ: I. Zoantheæ. Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society. 4 (13): 673-701.
additional source	Fautin, D. G.; Daly, M. (2009). Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia, and Zoanthidea (Cnidaria) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 349-357. in: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico-Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. A&M University Press, College Station, Texas.
additional source	McMurrich, J. P. (1896). Notes on some actinians from the Bahama Islands, collected by the late Dr. J. I. Northrop. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 9, 181-194
additional source	Reimer, J. D. (2007). Preliminary survey of zooxanthellate zoanthid diversity (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) from southern Shikoku, Japan. Kuroshio Biosphere: Bulletin of the Biological Institute of Kuroshio, 3, 1-16
additional source	Ryland, J. S. (1997). Reproduction in Zoanthidea (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 31(1-3): 177-188
additional source	Paulay, G.; Puglisi, M. P.; Starmer, J. A. (2003). The non-scleractinian Anthozoa (Cnidaria) of the Mariana Islands. Micronesica, 35-36, 138-155
additional source	Burnett, W. J.; Ryland, J. S. (1998). Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoanthidea. Sida/Department for Research Cooperation, SAREC. Stockholm., pp. 448
additional source	Duerden, J. E. (1898). Jamaican Actiniaria. Part I. Zoantheae. Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society. 6, 329–384.
additional source	Verrill, A.E. (1907). The Bermuda Islands. Part IV. Geology and paleontology, and part V. An account of the coral reefs. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. 12: 45-348.
additional source	Sebens, K. P. (1982). Intertidal distribution of zoanthids on the Caribbean coast of Panama: Effects of predation and desiccation. Bulletin of Marine Science, 32(1): 316-335
additional source	Varela, C.; Guitart, B.; Ortiz, M.; Lalana, R. (2002). Los zoantídeos (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Zoanthiniaria), de la región occidental de Cuba. Revista de Investigaciones Marinas, 23, 3, 179-184
additional source	Burnett WJ, Benzie JAH, Beardmore JA, Ryland JS. 1997. Zoanthids (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) from the Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait, Australia: systematics, evolution and a key to species. Coral Reefs 16: 55-68.
additional source	Muirhead, A. M.; Ryland, J. S. (1985). A review of the genus Isaurus Gray, 1828 (Zoanthidea), including new records from Fiji. Journal of Natural History, 19, 323-335
additional source	Cubit, John and Williams, Suelynn 1983. The invertebrates of Galeta Reef (Caribbean Panama): a species list and bibliography. Atoll Research Bulletin 269: 1-45.
additional source	Gray, J. E. (1867). Notes on Zoanthinæ, with the descriptions of some new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 15, 233-240
additional source	Fosså, S. A.; Nilsen, A. J. (1995). Korallenriff-Aquarium, 4. Nesseltiere in Korallenriff und für das Korallenriff-Aquarium. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag. Bornheim, Germany., edition 1st, volume 4, pp. 447.
additional source	Colin, P.L.; Arneson, C. (1995). Tropical Pacific Invertebrates. A fieldGuide to the Marine Invertebrates Occurring on Tropical Pacific Coral Reefs, Seagrass Beds and Mangroves. Coral Reef Press: Irvine, USA. 1-296.
additional source	Fenner, D. P. (2005). Corals of Hawai'i. A Field Guide to the Hard, Black, and Soft Corals of Hawai'i and the Northwest Hawaiian Islands, Including Midway. Mutual Publishing, Ltd., Honolulu. 144 pp.
additional source	Fossa, S. A.; Nilsen, A. J. (1998). The Modern Coral Reef Aquarium. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, Germany. volume 2, pp 479.
additional source	Muirhead, A. M.; Ryland, J. S. (1984). Order Zoanthidea. Australian Coral Reef Society. Brisbane., edition 2nd, pp. 29-33
additional source	Echeverría, C. A.; Pires, D. de Oliveira; Medeiros, M. S.; Castro, C. B. (1997). Cnidarians of the Atol das Rocas, Brazil. Proceedings of the Eighth International Coral Reef Symposium, 1, 443-446
additional source	Walsh, G. E. (1967). An Annotated Bibliography of the Families Zoanthidae, Epizoanthidae, and Parazoanthidae (Coelenterata, Zoantharia). Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology. Honolulu., pp. 77.
additional source	Grygier, M.J. (1996). A world list of coral reef-associated Ascothoracida (Crustacea), with remarks on Lauridae Petrarcidae, and Dendrogastridae from Okinawa, Japan. Galaxea. 13: 15-33.
additional source	Grygier, M.J. (1991). Additions to the ascothoracidan fauna of Australia and South-east Asia (Crustacea, Maxillopoda): Synagogidae (part), Lauridae and Petrarcidae. Records of the Australian Museum. 43: 1-46.
additional source	Reimer, J.D.; Sinniger, F. (2010). Unexpected diversity in Canadian Pacific zoanthids (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia): a molecular examination and description of a new species from the waters of British Columbia. Mar. Biodiv., 40(4): 249-260.

Genbank

Citation

Reimer, J.D.; Sinniger, F. (2025). World List of Zoantharia. Isaurus tuberculatus Gray, 1828. Via: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvantidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2011) European Register of Marine Species, Accessed through PESI at http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:101058