Higher Classification: > Kingdom Animalia > Subkingdom Parazoa

Porifera

Rank: Phylum
Taxon Status: accepted

Children

Calcarea Bowerbank, 1862
Cellularia
Hexactinellida Schmidt, 1870
Homoscleromorpha Bergquist, 1978
Porifera incertae sedis

Vernaculars (+) (-)

Dutch: sponzen sources: Hayward, P.; Nelson-Smith, A.; Shields, C. (1999). Gids van kust en strand: flora en fauna [Coast and beach guide: flora and fauna]. Tirion: Baarn, Netherlands. ISBN 90-5210-327-5. 352, ill. pp.

English: sponges; sponges sources: Charles Hussey;Hayward, P.J.; Nelson-Smith, A.; Shields, C. (1996). Collins pocket guide: sea shore of Britain and Europe. Collins pocket guides. Harper-Collins Publishers: London, UK. ISBN 0-00-219955-6. 352 pp.

French: éponges

German: Schwämme

Spanish, Castillian: esponjas

Swahili: sifongo

Swedish: svampdjur

Literature

original description	Grant, R.E. (1836). Animal Kingdom. Pp. 107-118. In: Todd, R.B. (Ed.),The Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Physiology. Volume 1. (Sherwood,Gilbert, and Piper: London): 1-813.
basis of record	Hooper, J.N.A.; Van Soest, R.W.M. (Eds.). (2002). Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow. 2 Volumes. 1706 pp. [2002 printed version ISBN 0-306-47260-0, 2004 eBook electronic version ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5].
additional source	Hooper, J.N.A.; Van Soest, R.W.M.; Debrenne, F. (2002 [2004]). (2002). Phylum Porifera Grant, 1826. Pp. 9-14 In: Hooper, J.N.A.; van Soest, R.W.M. (Eds.) (2002) Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges. (2 Volumes) Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow). 1708 + xvliii. ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5 (eBook electronic version).
additional source	Hooper, J.N.A.; Van Soest, R.W.M.; Debrenne, F. (2002). Phylum Porifera Grant, 1826. Pp. 9-14 In: Hooper, J.N.A.; van Soest, R.W.M. (Eds.) (2002) Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges. (2 Volumes) Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow). 1708 + xvliii. ISBN 0-306-47260-0 (printed version).