Higher Classification: > Kingdom Animalia > Subkingdom Eumetazoa > Phylum Mollusca > Class Gastropoda > Subclass Orthogastropoda > Subclass Caenogastropoda > Order Littorinimorpha > Superfamily Littorinoidea > Family Littorinidae > Subfamily Littorininae > Genus Littorina

Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)

Rank: Species
Taxon Status: accepted

Relationships towards this taxon

Genus group names

LittorinaA. Férussac, 1822accepted genus name
Litorina [sic] synonym

Species group names

Litorina groenlandica Menke, 1830 synonym
Litorina marmorata L. Pfeiffer, 1839 synonym
Litorina sulcata Menke, 1830 synonym
Litorina tenebrosa (Montagu, 1803) synonym
Litorina tenebrosa var. intermedia Forbes & Hanley, 1850 synonym
Littorina castanea Deshayes, 1843 synonym
Littorina danieli Locard, 1886 synonym
Littorina groenlandica Menke, 1830 synonym
Littorina neglecta W. Bean, 1844 synonym
Littorina nervillei Dautzenberg, 1893 synonym
Littorina nigrolineata Gray, 1839 synonym
Littorina patula Thorpe, 1844 synonym
Littorina rudis (Maton, 1797) synonym
Littorina rudis var. albida Dautzenberg, 1887 synonym
Littorina rudis var. aurantia Dautzenberg, 1887 synonym
Littorina rudis var. globosa Jeffreys, 1865 synonym
Littorina saxatilis G. Johnston, 1842 synonym
Littorina saxatilis var. bynei Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 synonym
Littorina saxatilis var. elata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 synonym
Littorina saxatilis var. flammulata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 synonym
Littorina saxatilis var. fulva Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 synonym
Littorina saxatilis var. fusca Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 synonym
Littorina saxatilis var. groenlandica Menke, 1830 synonym
Littorina saxatilis var. intermedia Forbes & Hanley, 1850 synonym
Littorina saxatilis var. laevis Jeffreys, 1865 synonym
Littorina saxatilis var. lineata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 synonym
Littorina saxatilis var. lutea Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1900 synonym
Littorina saxatilis var. matoni Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 synonym
Littorina saxatilis var. rudis (Maton, 1797) synonym
Littorina saxatilis var. sanguinea Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1900 synonym
Littorina saxatilis var. similis Jeffreys, 1865 synonym
Littorina saxatilis var. tessellata Dautzenberg, 1893 synonym
Littorina saxatilis var. trifasciata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 synonym
Littorina saxoides Nardo, 1847 synonym
Littorina simplex Reeve, 1857 synonym
Littorina tenebrosa (Montagu, 1803) synonym
Littorina zonaria W. Bean, 1844 synonym
Turbo albocinctus Link, 1807 synonym
Turbo davidis Röding, 1798 synonym
Turbo diminutus Link, 1807 synonym
Turbo groenlandicus Röding, 1798 synonym
Turbo jugosus Montagu, 1803 synonym
Turbo obligatus Say, 1822 synonym
Turbo rudis Maton, 1797 synonym
Turbo rudissimus G. Johnston, 1842 synonym
Turbo saxatilis Olivi, 1792 synonym
Turbo tenebrosus Montagu, 1803 synonym
Turbo vestita Say, 1822 synonym

Vernaculars (+) (-)

 Dutch: donkere alikruik; ruwe alikruik; vale alikruik sources: Adema, J.P.H.M.; de Bruyne, R.H.; Perk, F.A. (1989). Preliminary name list of marine molluscs and shells, regularly washed ashore along the coasts of the Netherlands and Belgium [Voorlopige naamlijst van de mariene mollusken en de regelmatig langs de kust van Nederland en België aangespoelde schelpensoorten]. De Strandvlo 9(2): 49-59;Hayward, P.; Nelson-Smith, A.; Shields, C. (1999). Gids van kust en strand: flora en fauna [Coast and beach guide: flora and fauna]. Tirion: Baarn, Netherlands. ISBN 90-5210-327-5. 352, ill. pp.
 English: black-lined periwinkle; rough periwinkle sources: PESI (A Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure) focal points;North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
 French: littorine des rochers; littorine rugueuse sources: Leewis, R. (2002). Flora en fauna van de zee [Marine flora and fauna]. Veldgids, 16. KNNV Uitgeverij: Utrecht, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-5011-153-X. 320 pp.;Chabot, R. & Rossignol, A. 2003. Algues et faune du littoral du Saint-Laurent maritime: Guide d'identification. Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Rimouski; Pêches et Océans Canada (Institut Maurice-Lamontagne), Mont-Joli. 113 pages.
 German: dunkle Strandschnecke; Raue Strandschnecke; rauher Strandschnecke; Spitze Strandschnecke sources: Leewis, R. (2002). Flora en fauna van de zee [Marine flora and fauna]. Veldgids, 16. KNNV Uitgeverij: Utrecht, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-5011-153-X. 320 pp.;Cole, T. C. H. (2017). Wörterbuch der Wirbellosen / Dictionary of Invertebrates. Latein-Deutsch-English. 2017. Springer Spektrum: Berlin. ISBN 978-3-662-52869-3. XII, 574 pp.;Lindner, G. (1999). Schelpengids: schelpen uit de wereldzeeën, vorm, voorkomen, systematiek [The shell guide: shells from the world oceans, shape, distribution and systematics]. Tirion: Baarn, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-5210-409-3. 320 pp.
 Norwegian Bokmål: steinsnegl sources: PESI (A Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure) focal points
 Norwegian Nynorsk: steinsnigel sources: PESI (A Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure) focal points
 Swedish: vivipar strandsnäcka

Literature

basis of record

Reid, D. G. (1996). Systematics and evolution of Littorina. The Ray Society. 463p.

additional source

Zenetos, A., S. Gofas, M. Verlaque, M. Cinar, J. Garcia Raso, C. Bianchi, C. Morri, E. Azzurro, M. Bilecenoglu, C. Froglia, I. Siokou, D. Violanti, A. Sfriso, G. San Martin, A. Giangrande, T. Katagan, E. Ballesteros, A. Ramos-Espla, F. Mastrototaro, O. Ocana, A. Zingone, M,. Gambi & N. Streftaris. (2010). Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution. Mediterranean Marine Science. 11(2): 381-493.

additional source

Marchini, A., J. Ferrario, A. Sfriso & A. Occhipinti-Ambrogi. (2015). Current status and trends of biological invasions in the Lagoon of Venice, a hotspot of marine NIS introductions in the Mediterranean Sea. Biological Invasions. 17:2943–2962.

additional source

Anonymous. (1933). A statistical test of the species concept in Littorina. The Nautilus. 46(3): 106.

additional source

Janson K. 1985. A morphologic and genetic analysis of Littorina saxatilis (Prosobranchia) from Venice, and on the problem of saxatilis-rudis nomenclature. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 24(1): 51-59.

additional source

Reid, D. G. (1989). The comparative morphology, phylogeny and evolution of the gastropod family Littorinidae. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 324: 1-110.

additional source

Zenetos, A., M.E. Cinar, M.A. Pancucci-Papadopoulou, J.G. Harmelin, G. Furnari, F. Andaloro, N. Bellou, N. Streftaris & H. Zibrowius. (2005). Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species. Mediterranean Marine Science. 6 (2): 63-118.

biology source

Tepolt, C. K. (2014). Adaptation in marine invasion: a genetic perspective. Biological Invasions. 17(3): 887-903.

Genbank

loading

External Links

Marine Life Information Network - UK

Citation

MolluscaBase eds. (2025). MolluscaBase. Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792). Via: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvantidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2011) European Register of Marine Species, Accessed through PESI at http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:140264

Image

loading

Occurrence

 Present  Absent  Doubtful  Native  Introduced  Naturalised  Invasive  Managed  No data

Environment


marine, brackish, not fresh, not terrestrial

Importance

EU Habitat Directive:
annex II EU Habitat Directive Annex II: Species of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation.
annex IV EU Habitat Directive Annex IV: Species of community interest in need of strict protection.

Provided by

logo erms

GUID

urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:140264

Last modified

2022-09-18 by Maxim Vinarski

Your feedback

click here

Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License

Your e-mail address:

Your message: