Higher Classification: > Kingdom Animalia > Subkingdom Eumetazoa > Phylum Annelida > Superclass Annelida incertae sedis

Myzostomida von Graff, 1877

Rank: Order
Taxon Status: accepted

Children

Asteriomyzostomidae Jägersten, 1940
Myzostomatidae Benham, 1896
Protomyzostomidae Stummer-Traunfels, 1926

Vernaculars (+) (-)

English: myzostomarians sources: PESI (A Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure) focal points

Japanese: スイクチムシ目

Literature

original description	Graff, Ludwig von. (1877). Das Genus Myzostoma (F.S. Leuckart). 1-82. Wilhelm Engelmann. Leipzig.
additional source	Helm, Conrad; Stevenson, Paul A.; Rouse, Greg W.; Bleidorn, Christoph. (2014). Immunohistochemical investigations of Myzostoma cirriferum and Mesomyzostoma cf. katoi (Myzostomida, Annelida) with implications for the evolution of the myzostomid body plan. Zoomorphology. 133(3): 257-271.
status source	Wang, Y.; Xie, Q. (2014). The Molecular Symplesiomorphies Shared by the Stem Groups of Metazoan Evolution: Can Sites as Few as 1% Have a Significant Impact on Recognizing the Phylogenetic Position of Myzostomida?. Journal of Molecular Evolution. 79(1-2): 63-74.
status source	Mwinyi, A.; Meyer, A.; Bleidorn, C.; Lieb, B.; Bartolomaeus, T.; Podsiadlowski, L. (2009). Mitochondrial genome sequence and gene order of Sipunculus nudus give additional support for an inclusion of Sipuncula into Annelida. BMC Genomics. 10(1): 27.
status source	Bleidorn, C.; Helm, C.; Weigert, A.; Eeckhaut, I.; Lanterbecq, D.; Struck, T. H.; Hartmann, S.; Tiedemann, R. (2014). From morphology to phylogenomics: Placing the enigmatic Myzostomida in the tree of life. [Book section]. 161-172 In: Deep Metazoan Phylogeny: The Backbone of the Tree of Life, edited by Wägele, Wolfgang & Bartolomaeus, Thomas.
status source	Wagin, V.L. (Vladimir Lvovich). (2007). On the annelid theory about the origin of myzostomids, their position in the system of Trochozoa, and identification of the new phylum Myzostomida. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki. 149 (3): 31–41. (In Russian).
taxonomy source	Wagin, V.L. (Vladimir Lvovich). (2007). On the annelid theory about the origin of myzostomids, their position in the system of Trochozoa, and identification of the new phylum Myzostomida. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki. 149 (3): 31–41. (In Russian).
taxonomy source	Graff, Ludwig von. (1884). Report on the Myzostomida collected during the voyage of H.M.Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76. Zoology. 10 (part 27): 1-82, pl. 1-16.
taxonomy source	Summers, Mindi M.; Rouse, Greg W. (2014). Phylogeny of Myzostomida (Annelida) and their relationships with echinoderm hosts. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14:170.
taxonomy source	Grygier, Mark. (2000). Class Myzostomida. [Book]. p. 297-329 In: Beesley, P.L.; Ross, G.B.; Glasby, C.J. (eds). Polychaetes & Allies: The Southern Synthesis. Fauna of Australia. Vol. 4A Polychaeta, Myzostomida, Pogonophora, Echiura, Sipuncula, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.
taxonomy source	Lanterbecq, Déborah; Rouse, Greg W.; Eeckhaut, Igor. (2009). Bodyplan diversification in crinoid-associated myzostomes (Myzostomida, Protostomia). Invertebrate Biology. 128(3): 283-301.
taxonomy source	Summers, Mindi M.; Al-Hakim, Iin Inayat.; Rouse, Greg W. (2014). Turbo-taxonomy: 21 new species of Myzostomida (Annelida). Zootaxa. 3873(4): 301-344.
taxonomy source	Rouse, G. W.; Pleijel, F. (2001). Polychaetes. Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK [etc.]. ISBN 0-19-850608-2. 354 pp.
taxonomy source	Perrier, Edmond 1897. Traité de Zoologie Fascicle 4. Vers, Mollusques, Tuniciers: Paris, Masson et Cie.
ecology source	Jumars, Peter A.; Dorgan, Kelly M.; Lindsay, Sara M. (2015). Diet of Worms Emended: An Update of Polychaete Feeding Guilds. Annual Review of Marine Science. 7(1): 497-520.
biology source	Lanterbecq, Déborah; Rouse, Greg W.; Eeckhaut, Igor. (2010). Evidence for cospeciation events in the host–symbiont system involving crinoids (Echinodermata) and their obligate associates, the myzostomids (Myzostomida, Annelida). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 54(2): 357-371.

Genbank

Citation

Read, G.; Fauchald, K. (Ed.) (2025). World Polychaeta Database. Myzostomida. Via: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvantidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2011) European Register of Marine Species, Accessed through PESI at http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:233983