Higher Classification: > Kingdom Animalia > Subkingdom Eumetazoa > Phylum Cnidaria > Subphylum Anthozoa > Class Octocorallia > Order Malacalcyonacea > Family Xeniidae

Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834

Rank: Genus
Taxon Status: accepted

Vernaculars (+) (-)

Japanese: チヂミウミアザミ属

Literature

original description	Ehrenberg, C. G. (1834). Beiträge zur physiologischen Kenntniss der Corallenthiere im allgemeinen, und besonders des rothen Meeres, nebst einem Versuche zur physiologischen Systematik derselben. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin. 1: 225-380.
basis of record	Benayahu, Y (1993). Corals of the South-west Indian Ocean. I. Alcyonacea from Sodwana Bay, South Africa. Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report No. 67. 16 pp.
additional source	Deichmann, E. (1936). The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College. 53: 1-317, plates 1-37.
additional source	Alderslade, P. (2003). A new genus and species of soft coral (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Alcyoniidae) from Lord Howe Island, Australia. Zoologische Verhandelingen. 345: 19-30.
additional source	Benayahu, Y.; Ekins, M.; McFadden, C.S. (2021). Overview of the genus Sympodium (Ehrenberg, 1834) (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism. Zootaxa 5072(4): 324-350.
additional source	Williams, G. C. (1989). A review of recent research on the sublittoral coral reefs of northern Natal with a provisional assessment of findings regarding the distribution of octocorals on Two-Mile Reef, Sodwana Bay. South African Journal of Science, 85, 140-141
additional source	Gohar, H. A. F. (1940). The development of some Xeniidae (Alcyonaria) (with some ecological aspects). Publications of the Marine Biological Station Al Ghardaqa (Red Sea), 3, 27-78, plates I-V
additional source	Williams, G. C. (1993). Coral Reef Octocorals: An Illustrated Guide to the Soft Corals, Sea Fans and Sea Pens Inhabiting the Coral Reefs of Northern Natal. Durban Natural Science Museum. Durban., pp. 63.
additional source	Verrill, A. E. (1922). The Alcyonaria of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918, with a revision of some other Canadian genera and species. Report on the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-1918, 8, G, G3-G87
additional source	May, W. (1899). Beitrage zur Systematik und Chorologie der Alcyonaceen. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft. 33: 1-180.
additional source	Alderslade, P. (2001). Six new genera and six new species of soft coral, and some proposed familial and subfamilial changes within the Alcyonacea. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington. 10:15-65.
additional source	Hickson, S.J. (1930). Some Alcyonarians from the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1930(14): 209-227, plates 1-3.
additional source	Hwang, S. J.; Song, J. I. (2007). Reproductive biology and larval development of the temperate soft coral Dendronephthya gigantea (Alcyonacea: Nephtheidae). Marine Biology, 152, 273-284
additional source	Utinomi, H. (1960). Noteworthy octocorals collected off the southwest coast of Kii Peninsula, Middle Japan. Part I. Stolonifera and Alcyonacea. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory. 8(1): 1-26, plates 1-2.
additional source	Weinberg, S. (1977). Revision of the common Octocorallia of the Mediterranean circalittoral II. Alcyonacea. Beaufortia. 25(326): 131-166.
additional source	Utinomi, H. (1971). Port Phillip Bay Survey 2. Octocorallia. Mem. Nat. Mus. Vic. 32: 7-18.
additional source	Roxas, H.A. (1933). Philippine Alcyonaria. The families Cornulariidae and Xeniidae. The Philippine Journal of Science. 50: 49-110.
additional source	Kükenthal, W. (1916). Die Gorgonarien Westindiens. Kap. 1, Die Scleraxonier; Kap. 2, Über den Venusfächer; Kap. 3, Die Gattung Xiphigorgia. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Suppl. 11: 443-504, plate 23.
additional source	Fabricius, K.; Alderslade, P. (2001). Soft Corals and Sea Fans: A Comprehensive Guide to the Shallow-water Genera of the Central-West Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Australian Institute of Marine Science. Townsville. pp. 264.

Genbank

Citation

McFadden, C.S.; Cordeiro, R.; Samimi-Namin, K.; Williams, G.; van Ofwegen, L. (2025). World List of Octocorallia. Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834. Via: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvantidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2011) European Register of Marine Species, Accessed through PESI at http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:204328