Higher Classification: > Kingdom Animalia > Subkingdom Eumetazoa > Phylum Mollusca > Class Gastropoda > Subclass Orthogastropoda > Subclass Caenogastropoda > Order Littorinimorpha > Superfamily Littorinoidea > Family Littorinidae > Subfamily Littorininae > Genus Littorina

Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758)

Rank: Species
Taxon Status: accepted

Original genus

Turbo Linnaeus, 1758

Relationships towards this taxon

Genus group names

*Littorina*	A. Férussac, 1822	accepted genus name
*Litorina*	[sic]	synonym

Species group names

*Littorina armoricana*	Locard, 1886	synonym
*Littorina litorea*	[sic]	synonym
*Littorina litorea var. brevicula*	Jeffreys, 1865	synonym
*Littorina parva*	Teilman-Friis, 1898	synonym
*Littorina sphaeroidalis*	Locard, 1886	synonym
*Littorina vulgaris*	J. Sowerby, 1832	synonym
*Turbo ustulatus*	Lamarck, 1822	synonym

Vernaculars (+) (-)

Catalan: caragolí comú

Danish: almindelige strandsnegl; store strandsnegl sources: PESI (A Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure) focal points

Dutch: alikruik; gewone alikruik sources: Oosterbaan, A. (2003). Strandgids: veldgids voor het Noordzeestrand [Beach guide: field guide for the North Sea coast]. EcoMare, centrum voor wadden en Noordzee: Texel, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-75318-15-4. 65 pp.;Hayward, P.; Nelson-Smith, A.; Shields, C. (1999). Gids van kust en strand: flora en fauna [Coast and beach guide: flora and fauna]. Tirion: Baarn, Netherlands. ISBN 90-5210-327-5. 352, ill. pp.

English: common periwinkle; common winkle; edible winkle; periwinkle sources: North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS);Cole, T. C. H. (2017). Wörterbuch der Wirbellosen / Dictionary of Invertebrates. Latein-Deutsch-English. 2017. Springer Spektrum: Berlin. ISBN 978-3-662-52869-3. XII, 574 pp.;Strandvondsten van Gravelines tot Nieuwpoort. Ecogids Tjiftjaf

Finnish: rantakotilo

French: bigorneau; bigorneau commun; caracole; littorine commun; littorine commune d'Europe; vignot sources: Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp.;VLIZ. (2016). Wetenschappelijke en handelsbenamingen voor visserij- en aquacultuurproducten op de Belgische markt. VLIZ Beleidsinformerende Nota's, BIN 2016_001. Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee: Oostende. 28 + Annex. pp.;Leewis, R. (2002). Flora en fauna van de zee [Marine flora and fauna]. Veldgids, 16. KNNV Uitgeverij: Utrecht, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-5011-153-X. 320 pp.;Chabot, R. & Rossignol, A. 2003. Algues et faune du littoral du Saint-Laurent maritime: Guide d'identification. Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Rimouski; Pêches et Océans Canada (Institut Maurice-Lamontagne), Mont-Joli. 113 pages.

German: gemeine Strandschnecke; gemeine Uferschnecke; Hölker sources: VLIZ. (2016). Wetenschappelijke en handelsbenamingen voor visserij- en aquacultuurproducten op de Belgische markt. VLIZ Beleidsinformerende Nota's, BIN 2016_001. Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee: Oostende. 28 + Annex. pp.;Lindner, G. (1999). Schelpengids: schelpen uit de wereldzeeën, vorm, voorkomen, systematiek [The shell guide: shells from the world oceans, shape, distribution and systematics]. Tirion: Baarn, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-5210-409-3. 320 pp.;Cole, T. C. H. (2017). Wörterbuch der Wirbellosen / Dictionary of Invertebrates. Latein-Deutsch-English. 2017. Springer Spektrum: Berlin. ISBN 978-3-662-52869-3. XII, 574 pp.

Italian: littorina comune

Norwegian Bokmål: storstrandsnegl sources: PESI (A Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure) focal points

Norwegian Nynorsk: storstrandsnigel sources: PESI (A Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure) focal points

Portuguese: caramujo

Scottish Gaelic: faocha

Spanish, Castillian: bígaro; caracolillo sources: Davidson, A. (2001). North Atlantic fish cookbook [Noord-Atlantisch viskookboek]. Scepter: Bussum, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-72653-14-9. 556 pp.

Swedish: vanlig strandsnäcka

Literature

basis of record	Reid, D. G. (1996). Systematics and evolution of Littorina. The Ray Society. 463p.
additional source	Reid, D. G. (1989). The comparative morphology, phylogeny and evolution of the gastropod family Littorinidae. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 324: 1-110.
additional source	Davis, D. S. (1972). An unusual form of Littorina littorea Linné found in Nova Scotia. The Nautilus. 86(2-4): 87.
additional source	Woodbridge, R. G., III. (1976). Tentacle-branching in the periwinkle, Littorina littorea. The Nautilus. 90(1): 52-54, figs. 1-10.
additional source	Dexter, R. W. (1961). Early records of Littorina littorea from the coast of Massachusetts. The Nautilus. 74(3): 120-121.
additional source	Alexander, R. C. (1947). Littorina littorea on the New Jersey coast. The Nautilus. 60(3): 73-76.
additional source	Clench, W. J. (1930). Littorina littorea Linn. The Nautilus. 43(3): 105.
additional source	Clarke, A. H., Jr. (1963). Supplementary notes on Pre-Colombian Littorina littorea in Nova Scotia. The Nautilus. 77(1): 8-11.
additional source	Latchford, F. R. (1915). Littorina littorea a fish. The Nautilus. 29(8): 96.
additional source	Dudley, R. (1980). Crab-crushing of periwinkle shells, Littorina littorea, from two adjacent geographical provinces. The Nautilus. 94(3): 108-112.
additional source	Alexander, R. C. (1947). Littorina littorea in New Jersey. The Nautilus. 61(2): 71.
biology source	Tepolt, C. K. (2014). Adaptation in marine invasion: a genetic perspective. Biological Invasions. 17(3): 887-903.

Genbank

External Links

Marine Life Information Network - UK

Citation

MolluscaBase eds. (2025). MolluscaBase. Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758). Via: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvantidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2011) European Register of Marine Species, Accessed through PESI at http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:140262