Higher Classification: > Kingdom Animalia > Subkingdom Eumetazoa > Phylum Mollusca > Class Gastropoda > Subclass Orthogastropoda > Subclass Heterobranchia > Infraclass Euthyneura > Subterclass Tectipleura > Order Cephalaspidea > Superfamily Philinoidea > Family Philinidae > Subfamily Philininae > Genus Philine

Philine aperta (Linnaeus, 1767)

Rank: Species
Taxon Status: accepted

Original genus

Bulla Linnaeus, 1758

Relationships towards this taxon

Genus group names

*Philine*	Ascanius, 1772	accepted genus name
*Bulla (Bullea)*	[sic]	orthographic variant
*Bullea*	[sic]	orthographic variant
*Bullaea*	Lamarck, 1801	synonym
*Johania*	Monterosato, 1884	synonym
*Lobaria*	O. F. Müller, 1776	synonym
*Philingwynia*	F. Nordsieck, 1972	synonym

Species group names

*Bullaea schroeteri*	R. A. Philippi, 1844	synonym

Vernaculars (+) (-)

English: Cape Sand Slug; European paperbubble; open-shelled paperbubble; paper-bubble sources: Gosliner, T. et al. (2023). Southern African Sea Slugs. Southern Underwater Research Group Press, 7 Blackwood Drive, Hout Bay 7806, Cape Town, South Africa.;Cole, T. C. H. (2017). Wörterbuch der Wirbellosen / Dictionary of Invertebrates. Latein-Deutsch-English. 2017. Springer Spektrum: Berlin. ISBN 978-3-662-52869-3. XII, 574 pp.

German: Offene Blasenschnecke; Offene Seemandel

Literature

additional source	Gosliner, T. et al. (2023). Southern African Sea Slugs. Southern Underwater Research Group Press, 7 Blackwood Drive, Hout Bay 7806, Cape Town, South Africa.
additional source	Gosliner, T. (1987). Nudibranchs of Southern Africa: A Guide to Opisthobranch Molluscs of Southern Africa. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California.
additional source	Kilburn, R.N. & Rippey, E. (1982) Sea Shells of Southern Africa. Macmillan South Africa, Johannesburg, xi + 249 pp.
additional source	Behrens D.W. (2004) Pacific Coast nudibranchs, Supplement II. New species to the Pacific Coast and new information on the oldies. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (4) 55(2): 11–54.
additional source	Barnard K.H. (1963). Contributions to the knowledge of South African marine Mollusca. Part IV. Gastropoda: Prosobranchiata: Rhipidoglossa, Docoglossa. Tectibranchiata. Polyplacophora. Solenogastres. Scaphopoda. Annals of the South African Museum, 47(2): 201–360.
additional source	Steyn, D.G. & Lussi, M. (1998) Marine Shells of South Africa. An Illustrated Collector's Guide to Beached Shells. Ekogilde Publishers, Hartebeespoort, South Africa, ii + 264 pp.
additional source	Herbert, D.G., Jones, G.J. & Atkinson, L.J. (2018). Phylum Mollusca. In: Atkinson, L.J. and Sink, K.J. (eds) Field Guide to the Offshore Marine Invertebrates of South Africa. Malachite Marketing and Media: Pretoria. Pp. 249–320.
taxonomy source	Price R. M.; Gosliner T. M.; Valdés A. (2011). Systematics and phylogeny of Philine (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia), with emphasis on the Philine aperta species complex. The Veliger. 51(2): 1-58. [26 May 2011].

Genbank

Citation

MolluscaBase eds. (2025). MolluscaBase. Philine aperta (Linnaeus, 1767). Via: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvantidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2011) European Register of Marine Species, Accessed through PESI at http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:140744