Higher Classification: > Kingdom Animalia > Subkingdom Eumetazoa > Phylum Cnidaria > Subphylum Anthozoa > Class Hexacorallia > Order Scleractinia > Suborder Vacatina > Family Pocilloporidae > Genus Madracis

Madracis pharensis (Heller, 1868)

Rank: Species
Taxon Status: accepted

Original genus

Astrocoenia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848

Relationships towards this taxon

Genus group names

*Madracis*	Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849	accepted genus name

Vernaculars (+) (-)

English: crusty pencil coral; star coral sources: Cole, T. C. H. (2017). Wörterbuch der Wirbellosen / Dictionary of Invertebrates. Latein-Deutsch-English. 2017. Springer Spektrum: Berlin. ISBN 978-3-662-52869-3. XII, 574 pp.;PESI (A Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure) focal points

German: Krustenkoralle sources: Cole, T. C. H. (2017). Wörterbuch der Wirbellosen / Dictionary of Invertebrates. Latein-Deutsch-English. 2017. Springer Spektrum: Berlin. ISBN 978-3-662-52869-3. XII, 574 pp.

Russian: шестилучевые кораллы

Literature

basis of record	Cairns, S.D., Hoeksema, B.W., and J. van der Land, 2001. Scleractinia, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 109-110
additional source	Reyes-Bonilla, H. (2002). Checklist of valid names and synonyms of stony corals (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) from the eastern Pacific. Journal of Natural History. 36(1): 1-13.
additional source	Bianchi, C.N., Cocito S., Ferdeghini F., Peirano A., Sgorbini S., Aliani S., De Biasi A.M., Boyer M., Pestarino M., Balduzzi A., Pansini M. Morri C. , 1999. Biodiversità dell'epifauna sessile in un'isola del Mar Egeo: Milos, Cicladi. Biol. Mar. Medit. 6 1: 179-183.
additional source	Rossi, L. (1956). Osservazioni ecologiche su alcuni Antozoi del golfo di Genova. Bollettino di Zoologia, 23(2): 237-246
additional source	Zibrowius, H.; Saldanha, L. (1976). Sclératiniaires récoltés en plongée au Portugal et dans les archipels de Madère et des Açores. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Ciencias Naturais, 16, 91-114
additional source	Zlatarski, V. N.; Estalella, N. M. (1980). Scleractinia of Cuba with data on the constituent organisms [in Bulgarian]. Bulgarian Academy of Science. Sophia., pp. 312.
additional source	Kitahara MV. (2007). Species richness and distribution of azooxanthellate Scleractinia in Brazil. Bulletin of Marine Science. 81 (3): 497-518.
additional source	Veron JEN. (2000). Corals of the World. Vol. 1–3. Australian Institute of Marine Science and CRR, Queensland, Australia.
additional source	Zibrowius, H.; Grieshaber, A. (1977). Scléractinaires de l'Adriatique. Tethys, 7, 4, 375-384
additional source	Joubin L. (1928). Madracis pharensis (Heller) 1868. In: (1927-1930) Faune et flore de la Méditerranée. Hexcorallia. 1 sheet: 2 pages.
additional source	Döderlein L. (1913). Die Steinkorallen aus dem Golf von Neapel. Mitteilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel. 21: 105-152, pls. 7-9.
additional source	Bitar, G.; Zibrowius, H. (1997). Scleractinian corals from Lebanon, Eastern Mediterranean, including a non-lessepsian invading species (Cnidaria: Scleractinia). Scientia Marina, 61(2): 227-231
additional source	Maragos, J. E.; Potts, D. C.; Aeby, G.; Gulko, D.; Kenyon, J.; Siciliano, D.; VanRavenswaay, D. (2004). 2000-2002 rapid ecological assessment of coral (Anthozoa) on shallow reefs of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Part 1: Species and distribution. Pacific Science, 58(2): 211-230
additional source	Cairns, S.D. (2009-2017). On line appendix: Phylogenetic list of the 711 valid Recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species with their junior synonyms and depth ranges, 28 pp. In: Cold-Water Corals: The Biology and Geology of Deep-Sea Coral Habitats. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
additional source	Benzoni, F., Stefani, F., Stolarski, J., Pichon, M., Mitta, G., Galli, P. 2007. Debating phylogenetic relationships of the scleractinian Psammocora: molecular and morphological evidences. Contributions to Zoology 76: 35-54.
additional source	Veron, J. E. N. (2000). Corals of the World, Volume II: Families Astrocoeniidae, Pocilloporidae, Euphyllidae, Oculinidae, Meandrinidae, Siderastreidae, Agariciidae, Fungiidae, Rhizangiidae, Pectiniidae, Merulinidae, Dendrophylliidae, Caryophylliidae. Australian Institute of Marine Science. Townsville., volume 2, pp. 429.
additional source	Rossi L. (1957). Revisione critica dei Madreporarii del Mar Ligure. Doriana. 2 (76): 1-19, pls. 1-4.
additional source	Santodomingo, N.; Reyes, J.; Flórez, P.; Chacón-Gómez, I.C.; van Ofwegen, L.P.; Hoeksema, B.W. (2012). Diversity and distribution of azooxanthellate corals in the Colombian Caribbean. Marine Biodiversity. 43(1): 7-22.
additional source	Laborel J. (1967). A revised list of Brazilian scleractinian corals and description of a new species. Postilla Yale Peabody Museum. 107: 1-14.
additional source	Gili, J.M., 1982. Fauna de cnidaris de les illes Medes. Treballs Inst. Cat. Hist. nat. 10 : 1-175.
additional source	Lattig, P. & S.D. Cairns. (2000). A new species of Tethocyathus (Scleractinia: Caryophylliidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 113 (3): 590-595.
additional source	Laborel, J. (1970). Les peuplements de madréporaires des côtes tropicales du Brésil. Annales de l'Université d'Abidjan, 2, E, (3): 7-261
additional source	Brito A, Ocaña O. (2004). Corals of the Canary Islands. Skeleton anthozoans of the littoral and deep bottoms. Francisco Lemus, La Laguna. 1-477 pp.
additional source	Randall RH. (2003). An annotated checklist of hydrozoan and scleractinian corals collected from Guam and other Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 35-36: 121-137.
additional source	Cairns, S.D. (1982). Stony corals (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa, Scleractinia) of Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. Smithsonian Contribution to the Marine Sciences. 12:271-302.
additional source	Kühlmann, D. H. H. (2006). Die Steinkorallensammlung im Naturhistorischen Museum in Rudolstadt (Thüringen) nebst ökologischen Bemerkungen. Rudolstädter Naturhistorische Schriften, 13, 37-113
additional source	Fenner, D. P. (2005). Corals of Hawai'i. A Field Guide to the Hard, Black, and Soft Corals of Hawai'i and the Northwest Hawaiian Islands, Including Midway. Mutual Publishing, Ltd., Honolulu. 144 pp.
additional source	Reyes J, Santodomingo N, Flórez P. (2010). Corales Escleractinios de Colombia. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (INVEMAR), Santa Marta, Colombia. pp 1-246.
additional source	Cairns, S.D., B.W. Hoeksema & J. van der Land. (1999). Appendix: List of extant stony corals. Atoll Research Bulletin. 459: 13-46.
additional source	Locke, J. M.; Weil, E.; Coates, K. A. (2007). A newly documented species of Madracis (Scleractinia: Pocilloporidae) from the Caribbean. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington , 120(2): 214-226
additional source	Pax, F.; Müller, I. (1962). Die Anthozoenfauna der Adria / Fauna antozoa Jadrana. Fauna et Flora Adriatica, 3, 1-343
additional source	Kružić P. (2002). Marine fauna of the Mljet National Park (Adriatic Sea, Croatia). 1. Anthozoa. Natura Croatica. 11: 265-292.
redescription	Cairns, S. D. (1991). A Revision of the Ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 504; 44 pp.
redescription	Zibrowius H. (1980). Les scléractiniaires de la Méditerranée et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental. Mémoires de l'Institut océanographique, Monaco. 11: 1-284, pls. 1-117.
redescription	Cairns, S.D. & H. Zibrowius. (1997). Cnidaria Anthozoa: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippine and Indonesian regions. in: Crosnier, A. et al. (Ed.) Résultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM 16. Campagne Franco-Indonésienne KARUBAR. Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. Série A, Zoologie. 172: 27-244.

Genbank

Citation

Hoeksema, B. W.; Cairns, S. (2025). World List of Scleractinia. Madracis pharensis (Heller, 1868). Via: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvantidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2011) European Register of Marine Species, Accessed through PESI at http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:135212