Higher Classification: > Kingdom Animalia > Subkingdom Parazoa > Phylum Porifera > Subphylum Cellularia > Class Demospongiae > Subclass Heteroscleromorpha > Order Axinellida > Family Axinellidae > Genus Axinella

Axinella verrucosa (Esper, 1794)

Rank: Species
Taxon Status: accepted

Original genus

Spongia Linnaeus, 1759

Relationships towards this taxon

Genus group names

*Axinella*	Schmidt, 1862	accepted genus name
*Pseudaxinella*	Schmidt, 1875	synonym
*Tragosia*	Gray, 1867	synonym

Vernaculars (+) (-)

Albanian: sfungjeri gishtor sources: Dhora, DH. 2008. Fjalor i emrave të kafshëve të Shqipërisë (Emri shkencor – Shqip – Anglisht) / Dictionary of animal names of Albania (Scientific names – Albanian – English). Camaj – Pipa. Shkodër, Albania. pp. 288.

English: mediterranean mermaids glove; Mediterranean mermaid's glove sources: Cole, T. C. H. (2017). Wörterbuch der Wirbellosen / Dictionary of Invertebrates. Latein-Deutsch-English. 2017. Springer Spektrum: Berlin. ISBN 978-3-662-52869-3. XII, 574 pp.

French: axinelle verruqueuse

German: Glatter Geweihschwamm; Lamellengeweihschwamm; Lamellen-Geweihschwamm sources: Cole, T. C. H. (2017). Wörterbuch der Wirbellosen / Dictionary of Invertebrates. Latein-Deutsch-English. 2017. Springer Spektrum: Berlin. ISBN 978-3-662-52869-3. XII, 574 pp.

Italian: spugna verrucosa

Spanish, Castillian: esponja verrugosa

Literature

basis of record	Uriz, M.J. (1983). Monografía I. Contribución a la fauna de esponjas (Demospongia) de Cataluña. Anales de la Sección Ciencias del Colegio Universitario de Gerona. 7: 1-220.
basis of record	Ehlers, E. (1870). Die Esper'schen Spongien in der zoologischen Sammlung der K. Universität Erlangen. (E.Th. Jacob: Erlangen): 1-36.
additional source	Kefalas, E.; Castritsi-Catharios, I; Miliou, H. (2003). The impacts of scallop dredging on sponge assemblages in the Gulf of Kalloni (Aegean Sea, northeastern Mediterranean). ICES Journal of Marine Science. 60, 402-10.
additional source	Babiç, K. (1922). Monactinellida und Tetractinellida des Adriatischen Meeres. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere. 46(2): 217-302, pls 8-9.
additional source	Topsent, E. (1901). Considérations sur la faune des spongiaires des côtes d'Algérie. Eponges de La Calle. Archives de Zoologie expérimentale et générale. (3) 9: 327-370, pls XIII-XIV.
additional source	Santín, A.; Grinyó, J.; Ambroso, S.; Uriz, M.-J.; Gori, A.; Dominguez-Carrió, C.; Gili, J.-M. (2018). Sponge assemblages on the deep Mediterranean continental shelf and slope (Menorca Channel, Western Mediterranean Sea). Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 131: 75-86.
additional source	Jourdan, E. (1880). Recherches zoologiques et histologiques sur les Zoanthaires du golfe de Marseille. Annales des Sciences naturelles, Zoologie. 10(1): 1-154.
additional source	Voultsiadou, E. (2005). Sponge diversity in the Aegean Sea: Check list and new information. Italian Zoology. 72 (1): 53-64.
additional source	Maldonado, M. (1992). Demosponges of the red coral bottoms from the Alboran Sea. Journal of Natural History. 26: 1131-1161.
additional source	Topsent, E. (1934). Eponges observées dans les parages de Monaco. (Première partie). Bulletin de l'Institut océanographique, Monaco. 650: 1-42.
additional source	Borojevic, R.; Cabioch, L.; Lévi, C. (1968). Inventaire de la faune marine de Roscoff. Spongiaires. Éditions de la Station Biologique de Roscoff. pp. 1-44.
additional source	Pax, F.; Mueller, I. (1953). Die Anthozoenfauna der bucht von Ka?tela bei Split. Acta Adriatica, 5(1): 3-35
additional source	Corriero, G.; Scalera-Liaci, L.; Ruggiero, D.; Pansini, M. (2000). The sponge community of a semi-submerged Mediterranean cave. Marine Ecology. 21 (1), 85-96.
additional source	Sarà, M. (1958). Contributo all consoscenza dei Poriferi del Mar Ligure. Annali di Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Genova. 70(1): 207-244.
additional source	Schmidt, H. (1972). Bionomische studien an Mediterranen Anthozoen: die Anthozoenfauna des Strombolicchio (Äolische Inseln). Marine Biology, 15, 265-278
additional source	Lévi, C. (1957). Spongiaires des côtes d'Israel. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel. 6 B(3-4): 201-212.
additional source	Boury-Esnault, N. (1971). Spongiaires de la zone rocheuse de Banyuls-sur-Mer. II. Systématique. Vie et Milieu. 22(2): 287-349.
additional source	Pouliquen, L. (1972). Les spongiaires des grottes sous-marines de la région de Marseille: Ecologie et systématique. Téthys. 3(4): 717-758.
additional source	Pansini, M. (1984 [1982-1983]). Notes on some Mediterranean Axinella with description of two new species. Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici dell'Universitá di Genova. 50-51: 79-98.
additional source	Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1978). Report on a Collection of Sponges from the Bay of Naples. III Hadromerida, Axinellida, Poecilosclerida, Halichondrida, Haplosclerida. Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici dell'Universitá di Genova. 45: 7-89.
additional source	Solórzano, M.R. (1990). Poríferos del litoral gallego: estudio faunístico, distribución e inventario. Phd Thesis Unversidad de Santiago de Compostela. 1036 pp.
additional source	Laubier, L. (1966). Le coralligène des Albères. Monographie biocénotique. The coralligenous of the Albères. Biocenotic monograph.]. Annales de l'Institut Océanographique, Monaco, Nouvelle Série. 43:137-316, figs. 1-12, plates I-VI, maps 1-2.
additional source	Hussein, K.B.; Talet, L.B. (2019). A preliminary inventory of biodiversity and benthic habitats of “Plane” Island (Paloma) in Oran Bay, north western Algeria, (western Mediterranean). Journal of the Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment. 25 (1): 49-72.
additional source	Balduzzi, A.; Bianchi, C.N.; Boero, F.; Cattaneo-Vietti, R.; Pansini, M.; Sarà, M. (1989). The suspension-feeder community of a Mediterranean sea cave. In: J.D. Ros (Ed.). Topics in Marine Biology. Scientia Marina. 53 (2): 387-395.
additional source	Corriero, G.; Scalera-Liaci, L.; Gristina, M.; Riggio, S.; Mercurio, M. (1997). Composizione tassonomica e distribuzione della fauna e Poriferi e Briozoi in una grotta semisommersa della riserva naturale marina "Isola di Ustica". Biologia Marina Mediterranea. 4 (1), 34-43.
additional source	Idan, T.; Shefer, S.; Feldstein, T.; Ilan, M. (2021). New discoveries in Eastern Mediterranean mesophotic sponge grounds: updated checklist and description of three novel sponge species. Mediterranean Marine Science. 22 (2): 270-284.
additional source	Pansini, M.; Morri, C.; Bianchi, C.N. (2000). The sponge community of a subtidal area with hydrothermal vents: Milos island, Aegean Sea. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Science. 51, 627-635.
additional source	Idan, T.; Shefer, S.; Feldstein, T.; Yahel, R.; Huchon, D.; Ilan, M. (2018). Shedding light on an East-Mediterranean mesophotic sponge ground community and the regional sponge fauna. Mediterranean marine science. 19(1): 84-106.
additional source	Cabioch, L. (1968). Contribution à la connaissance de la faune des Spongiaires de la Manche occidentale. Démosponges de la région de Roscoff. Cahiers de Biologie Marine. 9(2): 211-246.
additional source	Pansini, M.; Musso, B. (1991). Sponges from trawl-exploitable bottoms of the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian Seas: distribution and ecology. P.S.Z.N.I.: Marine Ecology. 12 (4): 317-329.
additional source	Boury-Esnault, N.; Harmelin, J.-G.; Ledoyer, M.; Saldanha, L.; Zibrowius, H. (2001 [2005]). Peuplement benthique des grottes sous-marines de Sagres (Portugal, Atlantique nord-oriental). In: Biscoito, M., A.J. Almeida & P. Ré (Eds). A Tribute to Luiz Saldanha. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal. Sup. 6: 15-38.
additional source	Gerovasileiou, V.; Voultsiadou, E. (2012). Marine Caves of the Mediterranean Sea: A Sponge Biodiversity Reservoir within a Biodiversity Hotspot. PLoS ONE. 7(7): e39873.
additional source	Longo, C.; Cardone, F.; Pierri, C.; Mercurio, M.; Mucciolo, S.; Marzano, C.N.; Corriero, G. (2018). Sponges associated with coralligenous formations along the Apulian coasts. Marine Biodiversity. 48(4): 2151-2163.
additional source	Bertolino, M.; Bo, M.; Canese, S.; Bavestrello, G.; Pansini, M. (2015). Deep sponge communities of the Gulf of St Eufemia (Calabria, southern Tyrrhenian Sea), with description of two new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 95 (07), 1371-1387.
additional source	Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1983). A collection of Mediterranean Demospongiae (Porifera) with, in appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the Mediterranean Sea. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria. 84: 445-621.
additional source	Van Soest, R.W.M. (2001). Porifera, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels. 50: 85-103.
additional source	Siribelli, L. (1962). Differenze nel ciclo sessuale di popolazioni conviventi di Axinella damicornis (Esper.) ed Axinella verrucosa O. S. (Demospongiae). Bolletino di Zoologia. 29(2): 319-322.
additional source	Ben Mustapha, K; Zarrouk, S.; Souissi, A.; El Abed, A. (2003). Diversité des Démosponges Tunisiennes. Bulletin Institut national des Sciences et Technologies de la mer de Salammbô. 30, 55-78.
additional source	Bibiloni, M-A. (1981). Estudi faunistic del litoral de Blanes (Girona). II Sistemàtica d'esponges. Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d'Història Natural. 47: 5-59.
additional source	Burton, M. (1956). The sponges of West Africa. Atlantide Report (Scientific Results of the Danish Expedition to the Coasts of Tropical West Africa, 1945-1946, Copenhagen). 4: 111-147.
additional source	Uriz, M.J. (1982). Estudio sistemático de las esponjas del orden Axinellida (Demospongia) de la Costa Brava (Cataluña). Actas II Simposio ibérico de estudios del Bentos Marino. 2 (3): 57-80.
additional source	Gözcelioğlu, B.; van Soest, R.W.M.; Alvarez, B.; Konuklugil, B. (2015). New species of sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Turkish coast. Turkish Journal of Zoology. 39: 555-559.
new combination reference	Schmidt, O. (1862). Die Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. (Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig): i-viii, 1-88, pls 1-7.

Genbank

Citation

de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez, B.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Cárdenas, P.; Díaz, M.-C.; Dohrmann, M.; Downey, R.; Goodwin, C.; Hajdu, E.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Kelly, M.; Klautau, M.; Lim, S.C.; Manconi, R.; Morrow, C.; Pinheiro, U.; Pisera, A.B.; Ríos, P.; Rützler, K.; Schönberg, C.; Turner, T.; Vacelet, J.; van Soest, R.W.M.; Xavier, J. (2025). World Porifera Database. Axinella verrucosa (Esper, 1794). Via: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvantidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2011) European Register of Marine Species, Accessed through PESI at http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:132499