Higher Classification: > Kingdom Animalia > Subkingdom Parazoa > Phylum Porifera > Subphylum Cellularia > Class Demospongiae > Subclass Heteroscleromorpha > Order Tetractinellida > Suborder Astrophorina > Family Geodiidae > Subfamily Erylinae

Penares Gray, 1867

Rank: Genus
Taxon Status: accepted

Relationships towards this taxon

Genus group names

*Papyrula*	Schmidt, 1868	synonym

Children

Penares candidatus (Schmidt, 1868)
Penares cavernensis Díaz & Cárdenas, 2024
Penares euastrum (Schmidt, 1868)
Penares helleri (Schmidt, 1864)
Penares isabellae Díaz & Cárdenas, 2024
Penares sclerobesus Topsent, 1904

Literature

original description	Gray, J.E. (1867). Notes on the Arrangement of Sponges, with the Descriptions of some New Genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1867(2): 492-558, pls XXVII-XXVIII.
basis of record	Uriz, M.J. (2002). Family Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870. Pp. 108-126. In: Hooper, J.N.A., van Soest, R.W.M. (eds) Systema Porifera. A Guide to the Classification of Sponges (2 volumes). Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publ., New York. 1708+xvliii, ISBN 0-306-47260-0.
basis of record	Uriz, M.J. (2002[2004]). Family Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870. Pp. 108-126. In: Hooper, J.N.A., van Soest, R.W.M. (eds) Systema Porifera. A Guide to the Classification of Sponges (2 volumes). Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publ., New York. 1708+xlviii. ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5 (eBook electronic version).
additional source	Van Soest, R.W.M. (2001). Porifera, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels. 50: 85-103.
additional source	Kelly, M.; Edwards, A.R.; Wilkinson, M.R.; Alvarez, B.; Cook, S. de C.; Bergquist, P.R.; Buckeridge, St J.; Campbell, H.J.; Reiswig, H.M.; Valentine, C.; Vacelet, J. (2009). Phylum Porifera: sponges. in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. pp. 23-46.
additional source	Cárdenas, P.; Xavier, J.R.; Reveillaud, J.; Schander, C.; Rapp, H.T. (2011). Molecular Phylogeny of the Astrophorida (Porifera, Demospongiaep) Reveals an Unexpected High Level of Spicule Homoplasy. PLoS ONE. 6 (4), e18318.
additional source	Chombard, C.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Tillier, S. 1998. Reassessment of Homology of Morphological Characters in Tetractinellid Sponges Based on Molecular Data. Systematic Biology 47(3): 351-366.
additional source	Topsent, E. (1894). Étude monographique des Spongiaires de France. I.Tetractinellida. Archives de Zoologie expérimentale et générale. (3) 2:259-400, pls XI-XVI.
additional source	Cárdenas, P.; Rapp, H.T.; Schander, C.; Tendal, O.S. (2010). Molecular taxonomy and phylogeny of the Geodiidae (Porifera,Demospongiae, Astrophorida) - combining phylogenetic and Linnaean classification. Zoologica Scripta. 39 (1): 89-106.

Genbank

Citation

de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez, B.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Cárdenas, P.; Díaz, M.-C.; Dohrmann, M.; Downey, R.; Goodwin, C.; Hajdu, E.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Kelly, M.; Klautau, M.; Lim, S.C.; Manconi, R.; Morrow, C.; Pinheiro, U.; Pisera, A.B.; Ríos, P.; Rützler, K.; Schönberg, C.; Turner, T.; Vacelet, J.; van Soest, R.W.M.; Xavier, J. (2025). World Porifera Database. Penares Gray, 1867. Via: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvantidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2011) European Register of Marine Species, Accessed through PESI at http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:131992