Higher Classification: > Kingdom Chromista > Subkingdom Harosa > Infrakingdom Alveolata > Phylum Myzozoa > Subphylum Dinozoa > Infraphylum Dinoflagellata > Class Dinophyceae > Subclass Peridiniphycidae > Order Gonyaulacales > Family Gonyaulacaceae > Genus Gonyaulax

Gonyaulax spinifera (Claparède & Lachmann) Diesing, 1866

Rank: Species
Taxon Status: accepted

Relationships towards this taxon

Genus group names

*Gonyaulax*	Diesing, 1866	accepted genus name
*Steiniella*	Schütt, 1895	synonym

Species group names

*Peridinium spiniferum*	Claparède & Lachmann, 1859	synonym

Literature

basis of record	Gómez, F. (2005). A list of free-living dinoflagellate species in the world's oceans. Acta Bot. Croat. 64(1): 129-212.
additional source	Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. China Science Press. 1267 pp.
additional source	Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
additional source	Campbell, P.H. (1973). Studies on brackish water phytoplankton. UNC.SG.73.07. pp. 1-406. Chapel Hill: Sea Grant Publications, University of North Carolina.
additional source	Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2025). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. searched on YYYY-MM-DD.
additional source	Lakkis, S. (2011). Le phytoplancton marin du Liban (Méditerranée orientale): biologie, biodiversité, biogéographie. Aracne: Roma. ISBN 978-88-548-4243-4. 293 pp.
additional source	Tomas, C.R. (Ed.). (1997). Identifying marine phytoplankton. Academic Press: San Diego, CA [etc.] (USA). ISBN 0-12-693018-X. XV, 858 pp.
additional source	Abé, T.H. (1927). Report of the biological survey of Mutsu Bay. 3. Notes on the protozoan fauna of Mutsu Bay. I. Peridiniales. Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, Series 4. 2: 383-438.
additional source	Moestrup, Ø., Akselman, R., Cronberg, G., Elbraechter, M., Fraga, S., Halim, Y., Hansen, G., Hoppenrath, M., Larsen, J., Lundholm, N., Nguyen, L. N., Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards). IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae.
additional source	Steidinger, K.A.; Tangen, K. (1997). Dinoflagellates. pp. 387-584. In: C.R. Tomas (ed.) (1997). Identifying Marine Phytoplankton. Academic Press: San Diego, CA [etc.] (USA). ISBN 0-12-693018-X. XV, 858 pp.
additional source	Steidinger, K. A., M. A. Faust, and D. U. Hernández-Becerril. 2009. Dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 131–154 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College
additional source	Martin, J. L.; LeGresley, M. M. ; Strain, P. M. (2001). Phytoplankton monitoring in the Western Isles region of the Bay of Fundy during 1997-98. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2349. 4: 1-85.
additional source	Brandt, S. (2001). Dinoflagellates, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 47-53
additional source	Kofoid, C.A. (1911). Dinoflagellata of the San Diego Region. IV. The genus Gonyaulax, with notes on its skeletal morphology and a discussion of its generic and specific characters. University of California publications. Zoology. 8: 187-300.
additional source	Balech, E. (1977). Cuatro especies de Gonyaulax sensu lato, y consideraciones sobre el género (Dinoflagellata). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (Hidrobiología). 5(6): 115-136, 3 pl.
additional source	Chang, F.H.; Charleston, W.A.G.; McKenna, P.B.; Clowes, C.D.; Wilson, G.J.; Broady, P.A. (2012). Phylum Myzozoa: dinoflagellates, perkinsids, ellobiopsids, sporozoans, in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2012). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 3. Kingdoms Bacteria, Protozoa, Chromista, Plantae, Fungi. pp. 175-216.
toxicology source	Rhodes, L., McNabb, P., Salas, M., Briggs, L., Beuzenberg, V. & Gladstone, M. 2006. Yessotoxin production by Gonyaulax spinifera. Harmful Algae 5:148-55.
ecology source	Mitra, A.; Caron, D. A.; Faure, E.; Flynn, K. J.; Leles, S. G.; Hansen, P. J.; McManus, G. B.; Not, F.; Do Rosario Gomes, H.; Santoferrara, L. F.; Stoecker, D. K.; Tillmann, U. (2023). The Mixoplankton Database (MDB): Diversity of photo‐phago‐trophic plankton in form, function, and distribution across the global ocean. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 70(4).
ecology source	Jeong, H.; Park, J.; Nho, J.; Park, M.; Ha, J.; Seong, K.; Jeng, C.; Seong, C.; Lee, K.; Yih, W. (2005). Feeding by red-tide dinoflagellates on the cyanobacterium Synechococcus. Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 41: 131-143.

Genbank

Taxonomy

Published in AlgaeBase

Citation

Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2025). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Gonyaulax spinifera (Claparède & Lachmann) Diesing, 1866. Via: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvantidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2011) European Register of Marine Species, Accessed through PESI at http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:110041