Higher Classification: > Kingdom Animalia > Subkingdom Eumetazoa > Phylum Chordata > Subphylum Tunicata > Class Ascidiacea > Order Aplousobranchia > Family Polyclinidae > Genus Synoicum

Synoicum pulmonaria (Ellis & Solander, 1786)

Rank: Species
Taxon Status: accepted

Original genus

Alcyonium Linnaeus, 1758

Relationships towards this taxon

Genus group names

*Synoicum*	Phipps, 1774	accepted genus name
*Macroclinum*	Verrill, 1871	synonym

Vernaculars (+) (-)

English: tennis ball ascidian sources: PESI (A Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure) focal points

Swedish: havsfikon

Literature

basis of record	Monniot, C. (2001). Ascidiacea & Sorberacea. In: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels. 50: pp. 352-355.
additional source	Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
additional source	van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO).
additional source	Van Name, W. G. (1945). The North and South American ascidians. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 84: 1-476.
additional source	Brunel, P., L. Bosse & G. Lamarche. (1998). Catalogue of the marine invertebrates of the estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 126. 405 pp.
additional source	Fortaleza, M. T. V.; Lotufo, T. M. D. C. (2018). Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “Hourglass” cruises (1965–1967). Zootaxa. 4422(4): 519.
additional source	Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. 627 pp.

Genbank

Citation

Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2025). Ascidiacea World Database. Synoicum pulmonaria (Ellis & Solander, 1786). Via: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvantidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2011) European Register of Marine Species, Accessed through PESI at http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:103692