Relationships towards this taxonGenus group namesSpecies group names
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Nematostella pellucida | Crowell, 1946 | synonym | Vernaculars (+)
(-) English: athenarian burrowing anemone; starlet anemone; starlet sea anemone; starlet seanemone sources: Cairns, S.D., D.R. Calder, A. Brinckmann-Voss, C.B. Castro, P.R. Pugh, C.E. Cutress, W.C. Jaap, D.G. Fautin, R.J. Larson, G.R. Harbison, M.N. Arai & D.M. Opresko. (2002). Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Cnidaria and Ctenophora. 2nd ed. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, Bethesda, Maryland. 28:1-115.;PESI (A Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure) focal points;MarLIN. (2006). BIOTIC - Biological Traits Information Catalogue. Marine Life Information Network. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. German: Sternchenanemone Literatureoriginal description | Stephenson, T. A. (1935). The British Sea Anemones. Volume II. The Ray Society. London. pp. 426. | basis of record | van der Land, J.; den Hartog, J.H. (2001). Actiniaria, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 106-109 | additional source | Mathew, K. (1979). Studies on the biology of a sea anemone, Anthopleura nigrescens (Verrill) from the south west coast of India. Bulletin of the Department of Marine Sciences, University of Cochin, 10, 75-158 | additional source | Jensen, L. D. (1974). Environmental responses to thermal discharges from the Indian River Station, Indian River, Delaware. Electric Power Research Institute. Palo Alto., pp. 205. | additional source | Moehrlen, F., Maniura, M., Plickert, G., Frohme, M., & Frank, U. 2006. Evolution of astacin-like metalloproteases in animals and their function in development. Evolution and Development 8: 223-231. | additional source | Williams, R.B., 1975. The significance of saline lagoons as refuges for rare species. Trans. Norfolk Norwich Nat. Soc. 22 6: 387-392. | additional source | Daly, M. (2002). Taxonomy, anatomy, and histology of the lined sea anemone, Edwardsiella lineata (Verrill, 1873) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Edwardsiidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 115(4): 868-877 | additional source | Pollock, L.W. (1998). A practical guide to the marine animals of northeastern North America. Rutgers University Press. New Brunswick, New Jersey & London. 367 pp. | additional source | Kneib, R. T. (1988). Testing for indirect effects of predation in an interidal soft-bottom community. Ecology, 69, 6, 1795-1805 | additional source | Frank, P. G.; Bleakney, J. S. (1978). Asexual reproduction, diet, and anomalies of the anemone Nematostella vectensis in Nova Scotia. Canadian Field-naturalist, 92, 259-262 | additional source | Eckelbarger, K. J.; Hand, C. H.; Uhlinger, K. R. (2008). Ultrastructural features of the trophonema and oogenesis in the starlet sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis (Edwardsiidae). Invertebrate Biology, 127(4): 3810395 | additional source | Fautin, D. G.; Kozloff, E. N.; Siebert, A. E. (1987). Phylum Cnidaria - Class Anthozoa. University of Washington Press. Seattle and London., pp. 68-78 | additional source | Manuel, R. L. (1981). On the identity of the sea anemone Scolanthus callimorphus Gosse, 1853 (Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae). Journal of Natural History, 15, 265-276 | additional source | Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). | additional source | Britton, J.C. & B. Morton, 1989. Shore ecology of the Gulf of Mexico : i-viii, 1-387. | additional source | Daly, M. (2002). A systematic revision of Edwardsiidae (Cnidaria, Anthozoa). Invertebrate Biology, 121(3): 212-225 | additional source | Williams, R. B. (1979). Studies on the nematosomes of Nematostella vectensis Stephenson (Coelenterata: Actiniaria). Journal of Natural History, 13, 69-80 | additional source | Heard, R.W. (1982). Guide to common tidal marsh invertebrates of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Ocean Springs, Mississippi, Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium. volume MASGP-79-004, pp. 82. | additional source | Daly, M.; Gusmão, L.; Reft, A. J.; Rodríguez, E. (2010). Phylogenetic signal in mitochondrial and nuclear markers in sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria). Integrative and Comparative Biology, 50(3): 371-388 | additional source | Sebens, K. P. (1998). Anthozoa: Actiniaria, Zoanthidea, Corallimorpharia, and Ceriantharia. National Marine Fisheries Service. Seattle., volume 141, pp. 1-67 | additional source | Sullivan, J. C.; Finnerty, J. R. (2007). A surprising abundance of human disease genes in a simple "basal" animal, the starlet sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis). Genome, 50, 689-692 | additional source | Kneib, R. T. (1991). Indirect effects in experimental studies of marine soft-sediment communities. American Zoologist, 31, 874-885 | additional source | Rentzsch, F.; Anton, R.; Saina, M.; Hammerschmidt, M.; Holstein, T. W.; Technau, U. (2006). Asymmetric expression of the BMP antagonists chordin and gremlin in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis: implications for the evolution of axial patterning. Developmental Biology, 296, 375-387 | additional source | Fautin, D. G.; Zelenchuk, T.; Raveendran, D. (2007). Genera of orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Hexacorallia), and their type species. Zootaxa. 1668: 183-244. | additional source | Williams, R. B. (1976). Conservation of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis in Norfolk, England and its world distribution. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalist's Society, 23(5): 257-266 | additional source | Darling, J. A.; Reitzel, A. M.; Finnerty, J. R. (2004). Regional population structure of a widely iIntroduced estuarine invertebrate: Nematostella vectensis Stephenson in New England. Molecular Ecology, 13, 10, 2969-2981 | additional source | Fautin, D. G.; Daly, M. (2009). Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia, and Zoanthidea (Cnidaria) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 349-357. in: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico-Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. A&M University Press, College Station, Texas. | additional source | Robson, E. A. (1957). A sea-anemone from brackish water. Nature (London), 179, 787-788 | additional source | Hand, C.; Uhlinger, K. R. (1994). The Unique, Widely Distributed, Estuarine Sea Anemone, Nematostella vectensis Stephenson: A Review, New Facts, and Questions. Estuaries. 17(2): 501-508. | additional source | Williams, R. B. (1973). Euplotes alatus, a hypotrichous ciliate new to Great Britain. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalist's Society, 22(6): 383-386 | additional source | Williams, R. B. (2003). Locomotory behaviour and functional morphology of Nematostella vectensis (Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae): a contribution to a comparative study of burrowing behaviour in athenarian sea anemones. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 345, 437-484 | additional source | Tiwary, B. K.; Li, W. H. (2009). Parallel evolution between aromatase and androgen receptor in the animal kingdom. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 26(1): 123-129 | additional source | Olmstead, N. C.; Fell, P. E. (1978). Estuarine animals. Nancy C. Olmstead (eds.). The Connecticut Arboretum. New London, Connecticut, pp. 12-44 | additional source | Fell, P.E.; Olmstead, N.C.; Carlson, E.; Jacob, W.; Hitchcock, D.; Silber, G. (1982). Distribution and Abundance of Macroinvertebrates on Certain Connecticut Tidal Marshes, with Emphasis on Dominant Molluscs. Estuaries. 5(3): 234-239. | additional source | Bromley, J. E. C.; Bleakney, J. S. (1979). Taxonomic Survey of Benthic Fauna in Estuarine Saltmarsh Pools, Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy. Proceedings of the Nova Scotia Institute of Science. 29: 411-446. | additional source | Matus, D. Q.; Pang, K.; Daly, M.; Martindale, M. Q. (2007). Expression of Pax gene family members in the anthozoan cnidarian, Nematostella vectensis. Evolution & Development, 9(1): 25-38 | additional source | Gosner, K. L. (1971). Guide to identification of marine and estuarine invertebrates: Cape Hatteras to the Bay of Fundy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., London. 693 pp. [pdf copepod and branchiuran :445-455]. | additional source | Pearson, C. V. M., Rogers, A. D.; Sheader, M. (2002). The genetic structure of the rare lagoonal sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis Stephenson (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) in the United Kingdom based on RAPD analysis. Molecular Ecology, 11, 2285-2293 | additional source | Kneib, R. T. (1985). Predation and disturbance by grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio Holthuis, in soft-substratum benthic invertebrate assemblages. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 93, 91-102 | additional source | Bleakney, J. S.; Meyer, K. B. (1979). Observations on Salt Marsh Pools Minas Basin Nova-Scotia Canada 1965-1977. Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science, 29(4): 353-372 | additional source | Carlgren, O. (1949). A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. Kungliga Svenska Vet- enskapsakadamiens Handlingar. 1: 1–121. | additional source | Scott, A.; Harrison, P. L. (2008). Larval settlement and juvenile development of sea anemones that provide habitat for anemonefish. Marine Biology, 154(5): 833-839 | additional source | Fautin, D. G. (1997). Cnidarian reproduction: assumptions and their implications. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Coelenterate Biology, 151-162 | additional source | Hand, C. H.; Uhlinger, K. R. (1995). Asexual reproduction by transverse fission and some anomalies in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Invertebrate Biology, 114(1): 9-18 | additional source | Moran, Y.; Gurevitz, M. (2006). When positive selection of neurotoxin genes is missing: the riddle of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. FEBS Journal, 273(17): 3886-3892 | additional source | Kraus, Y.; Technau, U. (2006). Gastrulation in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis occurs by invagination and immigration: an ultrastructural study. Development, Genes and Evolution, 216, 119-132 | additional source | Sebens, K.P. 1998. Marine flora and fauna of the eastern United States. Anthozoa, Actinaria, Corallimorparia, Ceriantharia, and Zoanthidea. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 141. 68 p. | additional source | Hand, C. (1957). Another sea anemone from California and the types of certain Californian anemones. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 47(12): 411-414. | additional source | Watson, G. M.; Graugnard, E. M.; Mire, P. (2007). The involvement of Arl-5b in the repair of hair cells in sea anemones. Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, 8, 183-193 | additional source | Darling, J. A.; Reitzel, A. M.; Burton, P. M.; Mazza, M. E.; Ryan, J. F.; Sullivan, J. C.; Finnerty, J. R. (2005). Rising starlet: the starlet sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis. BioEssays, 27(2): 211-221 | additional source | Pang, K.; Matus, D. Q.; Martindale, M. Q. (2004). The ancestral role of COE genes may have been in chemoreception: evidence from the development of the sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis (Phylum Cnidaria, Class Anthozoa). Development, Genes and Evolution, 214, 134-138 | additional source | Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. 627 pp. | additional source | Williams, R. B. (2000). Measurements of cnidae from sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria), III: ranges and other measures of statistical dispersion, their interrelations and taxonomic relevance. Scientia Marina, 64(1): 49-68 | additional source | Hamond, R. & B.G. Williams, 1977. The Ctenophora, Scyphozoa and Anthozoa of Norfolk, with additional notes on the Hydrozoa. Trans. Norfolk Norwich Nat. Soc. 24 : 58-74.. | additional source | Bromley, J.E.C. & J.S. Bleakney. (1985). Keys to the fauna and flora of Minas Basin. National Research Council of Canada Report, Halifax, N.S. 24119: 366 PP. | additional source | Carlgren, O. (1945). Further contributions to the knowledge of the cnidom in the Anthozoa especially in the Actiniaria. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets Handlingar, 56, N.F., (9): 1-24 | additional source | Reitzel, A. M.; Sullivan, J. C.; Finnerty, J. R. (2006). Qualitative shift to indirect development in the parasitic sea anemone Edwardsiella lineata. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 46(6): 827-837 | additional source | Manuel, R. L. (1981). British Anthozoa. London: Academic Press. 241 pp. (Synopses of the British Fauna). | additional source | Steele, R. E.; David, C. N.; Technau, U. (2010). A genomic view of 500 million years of cnidarian evolution. Trends in Genetics, 30(10): 1-7 | additional source | Williams, R. B. (1991). Nematostella vectensis. Joint Nature Conservation Committee., volume 3. Invertebrates other than insects, pp. 32-33 | additional source | Haskin, H. H.; Ray, G. (1979). Estuarine evaluation study: benthic invertebrates. Four year report, 1973-1977. Klaus Rützler and Ian G. Macintyre (eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington | additional source | Acuña, F. H.; Excoffon, A. C.; Griffiths, C. L. (2004). First record and redescription of the introduced sea anemone Sagartia ornata (Holdsworth, 1855) (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Sagartiidae) from South Africa. African Zoology, 39(2): 314-318 | additional source | Kimura, A.; Sakaguchi, E.; Nonaka, M. (2009). Multi-component complement system of Cnidaria: C3, Bf, and MASP genes expressed in the endodermal tissues of a sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis. Immunobiology, 214, 165-178 | additional source | Nevalainen, T. J. (2008). Phospholipases A2 in the genome of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part D, 3, 226-233 | additional source | Lauretta, D.; Häussermann, V.; Brugler, M. R.; Rodríguez, E. (2013). Isoparactis fionae sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from Southern Patagonia with a discussion of the family Isanthidae. Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 14(1): 31-42. | additional source | Williams, R. B. (1975). A redescription of the brackish-water sea anemone Nematostella vectensis Stephenson, with an appraisal of congeneric species. Journal of Natural History, 9, 51-64 | additional source | Streftaris, N., A. Zenetos & E. Papathanassiou. (2005). Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas. Oceanogry and Marine Biology: an Annual Review. 43: 419-453. | additional source | Williams, R. B. (1988). The current status of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis in England -- a correction. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalist's Society, 28, 50 | additional source | Hand, C. H.; Uhlinger, K. R. (1992). The culture, sexual and asexual reproduction, and growth of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Biological Bulletin, 182, 169-176 | additional source | Lindsay, J. A. (1975). A salt marsh anemone. Marine Aquarist, 6, 43-48 | additional source | Williams, R. B. (1987). The current status of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis in England. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalist's Society, 27, 5, 371-374 | additional source | Reitzel, A. M.; Burton, P. M.; Krone, C.; Finnerty, J. R. (2007). Comparison of developmental trajectories in the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis: embryogenesis, regeneration, and two forms of asexual fission. Invertebrate Biology, 126(2): 99-112 | additional source | Williams, R. B. (1996). Measurements of cnidae from sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria): statistical parameters and taxonomic relevance. Scientia Marina, 60(2-3): 339-351 | additional source | Sullivan, J. C.; Ryan, J. F.; Mullikin, J. C.; Finnerty, J. R. (2007). Conserved and novel Wnt clusters in the basal eumetazoan Nematostella vectensis. Development, Genes and Evolution, 217, 235-239 | additional source | Pax, F. (1936). Anthozoa. In: G. Grimpe & E. Wagler (eds.). Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee. Bd. IIIe. Akad. Verlagsges., Becker & Erler, Leipzig. 317 pp. | additional source | Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. | additional source | Ates, R. M. L. (1997). Bloemdieren: De Zeeanemonen En Hun Verwanten Van De Nederlandse Kust. C. Moerman. Zeeanjer., pp. 31. | additional source | Williams, R. B. (1983). Starlet sea anemone. IUCN Invertebrate Red Data Book, 43-46 | additional source | Reitzel, A. M.; Darling, J. A.; Sullivan, J. C.; Finnerty, J. R. (2008). Global population genetic structure of the starlet anemone Nematostella vectensis: multiple introductions and implications for conservation policy. Biological Invasions, 10, 1197-1213 | additional source | Daly, M.; Lipscomb, D. L.; Allard, M. W. (2002). A simple test: evaluating explanations for the relative simplicity of the Edwardsiidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Evolution, 56(3): 502-510 | additional source | Fritzenwanker, J. H.; Genikhovich, G.; Kraus, Y.; Technau, U. (2007). Early development and axis specification in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Developmental Biology, 310, 264-279 | additional source | Silva, Janine F.; Lima, Carlos A. C.; Perez, Carlos D.; Gomes, Paula B. (2010) First record of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis (Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) in Southern Hemisphere waters, Zootaxa 2343: 66-68 | additional source | Geller, J. B.; Fitzgerald, L. J.; King, C. E. (2005). Fission in sea anemones: Integrative studies of life cycle evolution. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 45, 615-622 | additional source | Daly, M.; Chaudhuri, A.; Gusmão, L.; Rodríguez, E. (2008). Phylogenetic relationships among sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48, 292-301 | additional source | Chen, C.; Soong, K.; Chen, C. A. (2008). The smallest oocytes among broadcast-spawning actiniarians and a unique lunar reproductive cycle in a unisexual population of the sea anemone, Aiptasia pulchella (Anthozoa: Actiniaria). Zoological Studies, 47(1): 37-45 | additional source | Sheader, M.; Suwailem, A. M.; Rowe, G. A. (1997). The anemone, Nematostella vectensis, in Britain: considerations for conservation management. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems. 7(1): 13-25. | additional source | Sanders, H.L., P.C. Mangelsdorf & G.R. Hampson. (1965). Salinity and Faunal Distribution in the Pocasset River, Massachusetts. Limnology and Oceanography. 10: 216-229. | additional source | Davis G.M., Mazurkiewicz M. & Mandracchia M. (1982). Spurwinkia: Morphology, systematics, and ecology of a new genus of North American marshland Hydrobiidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 134: 143-177. |
 
 Genbank
External LinksMarine Life Information Network - UK
CitationRodríguez, E.; Fautin, D; Daly, M. (2025). World List of Actiniaria. Nematostella vectensis Stephenson, 1935. Via: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvantidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2011) European Register of Marine Species, Accessed through PESI at http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:100906ImageOccurrence
 Present Absent Doubtful Native Introduced Naturalised Invasive Managed No data |
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Environment  
marine, brackish, not terrestrial
Importanceno dataProvided by
GUIDurn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:100906
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