Higher Classification: > Kingdom Animalia > Subkingdom Eumetazoa > Phylum Cnidaria > Subphylum Anthozoa > Class Hexacorallia > Order Actiniaria > Suborder Enthemonae > Superfamily Actinioidea > Family Actiniidae > Genus Bunodactis

Bunodactis verrucosa (Pennant, 1777)

Rank: Species
Taxon Status: accepted

Relationships towards this taxon

Genus group names

*Bunodactis*	Verrill, 1899	accepted genus name

Species group names

*Actinia verrucosa*	Pennant, 1777	synonym
*Aulactinia verrucosa*	(Pennant, 1777)	synonym

Vernaculars (+) (-)

Albanian: anemonia kokërrizore sources: Dhora, DH. 2008. Fjalor i emrave të kafshëve të Shqipërisë (Emri shkencor – Shqip – Anglisht) / Dictionary of animal names of Albania (Scientific names – Albanian – English). Camaj – Pipa. Shkodër, Albania. pp. 288.

Dutch: edelsteenroos; wrattige zeeanemoon sources: Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp.

English: gem anemone; wartlet anemone sources: Hayward, P. J.; Nelson-Smith, A.; Shields, C. (1996). Collins pocket guide: sea shore of Britain and Europe. Collins pocket guides. Harper-Collins Publishers: London, UK. ISBN 0-00-219955-6. 352 pp.;Cole, T. C. H. (2017). Wörterbuch der Wirbellosen / Dictionary of Invertebrates. Latein-Deutsch-English. 2017. Springer Spektrum: Berlin. ISBN 978-3-662-52869-3. XII, 574 pp.

German: Edelsteinrose; Warzenrose

Literature

basis of record	van der Land, J.; den Hartog, J.H. (2001). Actiniaria, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 106-109
additional source	Schmidt, H. (1972). Prodromus zu einer Monographie der mediterranean Aktinien. Zoologica, 42(121): 1-121
additional source	Schmidt, H. (1970). Anthopleura stellula (Actiniaria, Actiniidae) and its reproduction by transverse fission. Marine Biology, 5, 245-255
additional source	Loukmidou, S.; Chintiroglou, C. C.; Doumenc, D. A. (1997). Inventaire du cnidome des actiniaires et corallimorphaires de Mediterranee (Cnidaria, Anthozoa). Bios, 4, 63-114
additional source	Pax, F.; Müller, I. (1955). Gli Antozoi del Golfo di Trieste. Atti del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Trieste, 20(6): 49-102
additional source	Carlgren, O. (1949). A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. Kungliga Svenska Vet- enskapsakadamiens Handlingar. 1: 1–121.
additional source	Robins, M.W., 1969. The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly. Cnidaria e Ctenophora. J. nat. Hist. 3 : 329-343.
additional source	England, K. W. (1992). Actiniaria (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hong Kong with additional data on smiliar species from Aden, Bahrain and Singapore. In Proceedings of the fourth international marine biological workshop: The marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and southern China (ed. Morton, B.). The marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and southern China III. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong. 1, 49-95.
additional source	Schmidt, H., 1969. Die nesselkapseln der aktinien und ihre differentialdiagnostische bedeutung. The nematocysts of the sea anemones and their importance for differential-diagnosis. Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters. 19 : 284-317.
additional source	Pax, F. (1935). Beobachtungen an lebenden Krustenanemonen. Praktische Mikroskopie, 13(11): 330-344
additional source	Ramil Blanco, F.; Pulpeiro, E. F. (1990). Inventario de los antozoos de Galicia. A checklist of the Anthozoa from Galicia. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, 86(1-4): 17-30
additional source	Daly, M.; Gusmão, L.; Reft, A. J.; Rodríguez, E. (2010). Phylogenetic signal in mitochondrial and nuclear markers in sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria). Integrative and Comparative Biology, 50(3): 371-388
additional source	Moore, H. B. (1937). Marine fauna of the Isle of Man. Proceedings and Transactions of the Liverpool Biological Society. 50: 1-293, maps 1-3. (Crustacea: 87-142).
additional source	Manuel, R. L. (1981). British Anthozoa. London: Academic Press. 241 pp. (Synopses of the British Fauna).
additional source	Doumenc, D. A.; Koukouras, A. (1985). Actinies de la mer Égée: méthodes d'identification, zoogéographie. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 7A, 4, (3): 497-529
additional source	Pax, F.; Mueller, I. (1953). Die Anthozoenfauna der bucht von Ka?tela bei Split. Acta Adriatica, 5(1): 3-35
additional source	Corrêa, D. D. (1964). Corallimorpharia e Actiniaria do Atlantico Oeste Tropical. Universidade de São Paulo (Dissertation). São Paulo., pp. 139.
additional source	Schmidt, H. (1967). A note on the sea-anemone Bunodactis verrucosa Pennant. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, 35, 252-253
additional source	Pax, F.; Mueller, I. (1954). Die Korallentiere der Adria. Die Aquarien-und Terrarien-Zeitschrift, 7, 10-13
additional source	den Hartog J.C., Ates R.M.L. (2011). Actiniaria from Ria de Arosa, Galicia, northwestern Spain, in the Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden. 85 (2): 11-53.
additional source	Daly, M. & Fautin D.G. (2004). Anthopleura mariscali, a new species of sea anemone (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Galápagos Islands. Zootaxa. 416:1-8.
additional source	Riemann-Zürneck, K. (1969). Sagartia troglodytes (Anthozoa). Biologie und Morphologie einer schlickbewohnenden Aktinie. Veröffentlichungen des Institutes für Meeresforschung Bremerhaven, 12, 169-230
additional source	den Hartog, J. C. (1995). The genus Telmatactis Gravier, 1916 (Actiniaria: Acontiaria: Isophelliidae) in Greece and the eastern Mediterranean. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 69(14): 153-176
additional source	Ocaña, Oscar; Den Hartog, J.C. (2002). A catalogue of Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia from the Canary Islands and from Madeira, Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences. 19A: 33-54.
additional source	Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp.
additional source	Verrill, A. E. (1899). Descriptions of imperfectly known and new actinians, with critical notes on other species. American Journal of Science, 7: 41-50, 143-146, 205-218, 375-380
additional source	den Hartog, J. C. (1987). A redescription of the sea anemone Bunodosoma biscayensis (Fischer, 1874) (Actiniaria, Actiniidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 61(36): 533-559
additional source	Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. 627 pp.
additional source	Teissier, G. (1965). Inventaire de la faune marine de Roscoff. Station Biologique de Roscoff. Roscoff., pp. 62.
additional source	Chintiroglou, C. C.; Doumenc, D. A.; Zamponi, M. O. (1997). Commented list of the Mediterranean Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Anthozoa). Acta Adriatica, 38(1): 65-70
additional source	Collings, D. W. (1938). The Actiniaria of Suffolk (sea-anemones). Transactions of the Suffolk Naturalists' Society, IV, 25-28
additional source	Stephenson, T. A. (1929). On methods of reproduction as specific characters. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 16(1): 131-172
additional source	Wirtz, P.; Ocana, O.; Molodtsova, T. (2003). Actiniaria and Ceriantharia of the Azores (Cnidaria Anthozoa). Helgol. Mar. Res. 57: 114-117.
additional source	Pax, F. (1936). Anthozoa. In: G. Grimpe & E. Wagler (eds.). Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee. Bd. IIIe. Akad. Verlagsges., Becker & Erler, Leipzig. 317 pp.
additional source	Stephenson, T. A. (1935). The British Sea Anemones. Volume II. The Ray Society. London. pp. 426.
additional source	Ates, R. M. L. (1997). Bloemdieren: De Zeeanemonen En Hun Verwanten Van De Nederlandse Kust. C. Moerman. Zeeanjer., pp. 31.
additional source	Daly, M.; Chaudhuri, A.; Gusmão, L.; Rodríguez, E. (2008). Phylogenetic relationships among sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48, 292-301
additional source	Stephenson, T. A. (1929). On the nematocysts of sea anemones. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 16(1): 173-201
additional source	Patzner, R. A. (2004). Associations with sea anemones in the Mediterranean Sea: a review. Ophelia, 58(1): 1-11
additional source	Pei, Z. (1998). Coelenterata Actiniaria Ceriantharia Zoanthidea. Science Press. Beijing., pp. 286.
additional source	Müllegger, S. (1938). Die Aktinien: Beschreibung der vornehmlich im aquarium gehaltenen Aktinien. Wochenschrift für Aquarien und Tarrarienkunde, 39-44, 1-16
additional source	Teissier, G., 1950. Inventaire de la faune marine de Roscoff. Cnidaires et cténaires. Trav. biol. Roscoff. n. ser. suppl. 1: 1-43.
additional source	Stephenson, T. A. (1928). The British Sea Anemones. Volume I. The Ray Society. London., volume 1, pp. 148.
source of synonymy	Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World.

Genbank

Citation

Rodríguez, E.; Fautin, D; Daly, M. (2025). World List of Actiniaria. Bunodactis verrucosa (Pennant, 1777). Via: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvantidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2011) European Register of Marine Species, Accessed through PESI at http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:100819