Higher Classification: > Kingdom Animalia > Subkingdom Parazoa > Phylum Porifera > Subphylum Cellularia

Demospongiae Sollas, 1885

Rank: Class
Taxon Status: accepted

Relationships towards this taxon

Class group names

*Ceractinomorpha*	Lévi, 1953	synonym
*Tetractinomorpha*	Lévi, 1953	synonym

Children

Demospongiae incertae sedis Vacelet, Pérez & Hooper, 2002
Heteroscleromorpha Cárdenas, Pérez & Boury-Esnault, 2012
Keratosa Grant, 1861
Verongimorpha Erpenbeck, Sutcliffe, De Cook, Dietzel, Maldonado, van Soest, Hooper & Wörheide, 2012

Vernaculars (+) (-)

Dutch: gewone sponzen sources: de Ruijter, E.; Schoenmaker, A. (Ed.) (1989). Zeeboek [The sea book]. 2nd revised ed. Jeugdbondsuitgeverij JBU / Stichting Uitgeverij KNNV: Utrecht, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-5107-007-1. 238 pp.

English: demosponges; horny sponges; horny sponges; lithistid sponges sources: Charles Hussey;PESI (A Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure) focal points

Swedish: horn- och kiselsvampar sources: PESI (A Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure) focal points

Ukrainian: Звича́йні гу́бки

Literature

original description	Sollas, W.J. (1885). A Classification of the Sponges. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. (5) 16(95): 395.
basis of record	Redmond, N.E.; Morrow, C.C.; Thacker, R.W.; Díaz, M.C.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Cárdenas, P.; Hajdu, E.; Lôbo-Hajdu, G.; Picton, B.E.; Pomponi, S.A.; Kayal, E.; Collins, A.G. (2013). Phylogeny and Systematics of Demospongiae in Light of New Small-Subunit Ribosomal DNA (18S) Sequences. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 53 (3): 388-415.
basis of record	Morrow, C.; Cárdenas, P. (2015). Proposal for a revised classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera). Frontiers in Zoology. 12: 7.
additional source	Margulis, L.; Schwartz, K.V. (1998). Five Kingdoms: an illustrated guide to the Phyla of life on earth. 3rd edition. Freeman: New York, NY (USA). ISBN 0-7167-3027-8. xx, 520 pp.
additional source	Boury-Esnault, N. (2006). Systematics and evolution of Demospongiae. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 84: 205-224.
additional source	Hooper, J.N.A.; Van Soest, R.W.M. (2002 (2004)). Class Demospongiae Sollas, 1885. Pp. 15-18. In: Hooper, J.N.A.; van Soest, R.W.M. (Eds.) Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges. (2 Volumes). Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow). 1708+xvliii. ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5 (eBook electronic version).
additional source	Hooper, J.N.A.; Van Soest, R.W.M. (2002). Class Demospongiae Sollas, 1885. Pp. 15-18. In: Hooper, J.N.A.; van Soest, R.W.M. (Eds.) Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges. (2 Volumes). Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow). ISBN 0-306-47260-0 (printed version).
additional source	Sollas, W.J. (1886). A Classification of the Sponges. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society (new series). 5: 112.
additional source	Lévi, C. (1979). Remarques sur la taxonomie des Demonspongea. Colloques internationaux du CNRS. 291, 497-502.
additional source	Hooper, J.N.A.; Van Soest, R.W.M. (Eds.). (2002). Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow. 2 Volumes. 1706 pp. [2002 printed version ISBN 0-306-47260-0, 2004 eBook electronic version ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5].
additional source	Chombard, C.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Tillier, A.; Vacelet, J. (1997). Polyphyly of ‘Sclerosponges' (Porifera, Demospongiae) Supported by 28S Ribosomal Sequences. Biological Bulletin. 193: 359-367.
taxonomy source	Botting, J. P.; Zhang, Y.; Muir, L. A. (2017). Discovery of missing link between demosponges and hexactinellids confirms palaeontological model of sponge evolution. Scientific Reports. 7(1).