Higher Classification: > Kingdom Plantae > Subkingdom Viridiplantae > Infrakingdom Streptophyta > Division Tracheophyta > Subdivision Spermatophytina > Class Magnoliopsida > Superorder Rosanae > Order Malpighiales > Family Euphorbiaceae > Genus Euphorbia > Species Euphorbia characias

Euphorbia characias L. subsp. characias

Rank: Subspecies
Taxon Status: accepted

Relationships towards this taxon

Genus group names

*Euphorbia*	L.	accepted genus name
*Adenopetalum*	Klotzsch & Garcke	heterotypic synonym
*Adenorima*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Agaloma*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Aklema*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Alectoroctonum*	Schltdl.	heterotypic synonym
*Allobia*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Anisophyllum*	Haw.	heterotypic synonym
*Anthacantha*	Lem.	heterotypic synonym
*Aplarina*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Arthrothamnus*	Klotzsch & Garcke	heterotypic synonym
*Athymalus*	Neck.	heterotypic synonym
*Chamaesyce*	Gray	heterotypic synonym
*Characias*	Gray	heterotypic synonym
*Chylogala*	Fourr.	heterotypic synonym
*Crepidaria*	Haw.	heterotypic synonym
*Ctenadena*	Prokh.	heterotypic synonym
*Cubanthus*	Millsp.	heterotypic synonym
*Cyathophora*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Cystidospermum*	Prokh.	heterotypic synonym
*Dactylanthes*	Haw.	heterotypic synonym
*Dematra*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Desmonema*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Diadenaria*	Klotzsch & Garcke	heterotypic synonym
*Dichylium*	Britton	heterotypic synonym
*Diplocyathium*	Heinr. Schmidt	heterotypic synonym
*Ditritra*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Elaeophorbia*	Stapf	heterotypic synonym
*Endadenium*	L. C. Leach	heterotypic synonym
*Endoisila*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Epurga*	Fourr.	heterotypic synonym
*Esula*	Haw.	heterotypic synonym
*Eumecanthus*	Klotzsch & Garcke	heterotypic synonym
*Euphorbiastrum*	Klotzsch & Garcke	heterotypic synonym
*Euphorbiodendron*	Millsp.	heterotypic synonym
*Euphorbion*	St.-Lag.	heterotypic synonym
*Euphorbium*	Hill	heterotypic synonym
*Galarhoeus*	Haw.	heterotypic synonym
*Galorhoeus*	Endl.	heterotypic synonym
*Hexadenia*	Klotzsch & Garcke	heterotypic synonym
*Kanopikon*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Keraselma*	Neck.	heterotypic synonym
*Kobiosis*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Lacanthis*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Lepadena*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Leptopus*	Klotzsch & Garcke	heterotypic synonym
*Lophobios*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Lortia*	Rendle	heterotypic synonym
*Lyciopsis*	(Boiss.) Schweinf.	heterotypic synonym
*Medusea*	Haw.	heterotypic synonym
*Monadenium*	Pax	heterotypic synonym
*Murtekias*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Nisomenes*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Peccana*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Pedilanthus*	Neck. ex Poit.	heterotypic synonym
*Petaloma*	Raf. ex Boiss.	heterotypic synonym
*Pleuradena*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Poinsettia*	Graham	heterotypic synonym
*Pythius*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Sclerocyathium*	Prokh.	heterotypic synonym
*Stenadenium*	Pax	heterotypic synonym
*Sterigmanthe*	Klotzsch & Garcke	heterotypic synonym
*Synadenium*	Boiss.	heterotypic synonym
*Tirucalia*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Tithymalodes*	Ludw. ex Kuntze	heterotypic synonym
*Tithymaloides*	Ortega	heterotypic synonym
*Tithymalopsis*	Klotzsch & Garcke	heterotypic synonym
*Tithymalus*	Mill.	heterotypic synonym
*Tithymalus*	Ség.	heterotypic synonym
*Tithymalus*	Gaertn.	heterotypic synonym
*Torfasidis*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Treisia*	Haw.	heterotypic synonym
*Trichosterigma*	Klotzsch & Garcke	heterotypic synonym
*Tumalis*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Vallaris*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Ventenatia*	Tratt.	heterotypic synonym
*Xamesike*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Zalitea*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Zygophyllidium*	Small	heterotypic synonym
*Euphorbia abchazica*	Woronow	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia acalyphoides*	Hochst. ex Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia acanthothamnos*	Heldr. & Sart. ex Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia adriatica*	Stojilkovič, Záveská & Frajman	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia agraria*	M. Bieb.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia akenocarpa*	Guss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia akmanii*	İ. Genç & Kültür	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia aleppica*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia altissima*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia amygdaloides*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia anacampseros*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia anachoreta*	Svent.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia angulata*	Jacq.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia anthula*	Lavrent. & Papan.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia antilibanotica*	Mouterde	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia aphylla*	Brouss. ex Willd.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia apios*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia arabica*	Hochst. & Steud. ex T. Anderson	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia ardonensis*	Galushko	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia arguta*	Banks & Sol.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia aristata*	Schmalh.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia arvalis*	Boiss. & Heldr.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia aserbajdzhanica*	Bordz.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia atropurpurea*	Brouss. ex Willd.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia aulacosperma*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia austriaca*	A. Kern.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia azorica*	Hochst.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia baetica*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia balsamifera*	Aiton	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia barrelieri*	Savi	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia basarabica*	Prodan	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia basargica*	Prodan	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia baselicis*	Ten.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia baxanica*	Galushko	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia belgradica*	Forssk.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia berthelotii*	Bolle ex Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia berythea*	Boiss. & C. I. Blanche	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia bessarabica*	Klokov	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia biumbellata*	Poir.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia bivonae*	Steud.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia boissieriana*	(Woronow) Prokh.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia bourgeana*	J. Gay ex Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia bravoana*	Svent.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia briquetii*	Emb. & Maire	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia bungei*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia bupleuroides*	Desf.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia buschiana*	Grossh.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia caesia*	Kar. & Kir.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia calyptrata*	Coss. & Kralik	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia canariensis*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia capitulata*	Rchb.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia cardiophylla*	Boiss. & Heldr.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia carniolica*	Jacq.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia carpatica*	Woł.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia cassia*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia caudiculosa*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia celerieri*	(Emb.) Emb. ex Vindt	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia ceratocarpa*	Ten.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia chaborasia*	Gomb.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia chamaepeplus*	Boiss. & Gaill.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia chamaesyce*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia characias*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia cheiradenia*	Boiss. & Hohen.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia chimaera*	Lipsky	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia cikaea*	F. K. Mey.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia clementei*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia colchica*	(Litv.) Geltman	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia condylocarpa*	M. Bieb.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia coniosperma*	Boiss. & Buhse	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia cooperi*	N. E. Br. ex A. Berger	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia corallioides*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia corsica*	Req.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia cossoniana*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia cotinifolia*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia craspedia*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia cuneata*	Vahl	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia cuneifolia*	Guss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia cuspidata*	Bertol.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia cyathophora*	Murray	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia cyparissias*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia davidii*	Subils	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia davisii*	M. S. Khan	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia deflexa*	Sibth. & Sm.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia dendroides*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia densa*	Schrenk	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia densifolia*	K. Koch	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia denticulata*	Lam.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia dimorphocaulon*	P. H. Davis	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia djimilensis*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia dracunculoides*	Lam.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia dubovikii*	Oudejans	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia dulcis*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia durandoi*	Chabert	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia duvalii*	Lecoq & Lamotte	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia edmondii*	Hochr.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia engelmannii*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia epithymoides*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia erinacea*	Boiss. & Kotschy	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia eriophora*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia erubescens*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia erythrodon*	Boiss. & Heldr.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia esula*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia eugeniae*	Prokh.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia exigua*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia falcata*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia fistulosa*	M. S. Khan	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia flavicoma*	DC.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia fontqueriana*	Greuter	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia forsskalii*	J. Gay	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia fragifera*	Jan	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia gaditana*	Coss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia gaillardotii*	Boiss. & C. I. Blanche	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia gasparrinii*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia gayi*	Salis	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia gebelica*	Brullo	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia glaberrima*	K. Koch	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia glabriflora*	Vis.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia graminifolia*	Vill.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia granulata*	Forssk.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia gregersenii*	K. Malý ex Beck	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia grisophylla*	M. S. Khan	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia grossheimii*	(Prokh.) Prokh.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia guadalhorcensis*	Casim.-Sor. Solanas & Hidalgo-Triana	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia guyoniana*	Boiss. & Reut.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia handiensis*	Burchard	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia haussknechtii*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia heldreichii*	Orph. ex Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia helioscopia*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia herniariifolia*	Willd.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia heteradena*	Jaub. & Spach	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia heterophylla*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia hieroglyphica*	Coss. & Durieu ex Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia hierosolymitana*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia hirsuta*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia hirta*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia humifusa*	Willd.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia humistrata*	Engelm. ex A. Gray	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia hyberna*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia hypericifolia*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia hyrcana*	Grossh.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia iberica*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia illirica*	Lam.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia inaequilatera*	Sond.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia inderiensis*	Less. ex Kar. & Kir.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia isatidifolia*	Lam.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia isaurica*	M. S. Khan	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia jacquinii*	Fenzl ex Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia kimmerica*	Lipsky ex Grossh.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia korshinskyi*	Geltman	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia kotovii*	Klokov	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia kotschyana*	Fenzl	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia lagascae*	Spreng.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia lamarckii*	Sweet	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia lathyris*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia latifolia*	C. A. Mey. ex Ledeb.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia ledebourii*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia lemesiana*	Hadjik., Hand, Christodoulou & Frajman	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia leptocaula*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia ligustica*	Skubic & Frajman	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia lingulata*	Heuff.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia lucida*	Waldst. & Kit.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia macrocarpa*	Boiss. & Buhse	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia macroceras*	Fisch. & C. A. Mey.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia macroclada*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia maculata*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia malvana*	Maire	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia maresii*	Knoche	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia margalidiana*	Kuhbier & Lewej.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia marschalliana*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia matritensis*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia mazarronensis*	Esteve	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia mazicum*	Emb. & Maire	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia medicaginea*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia megalatlantica*	Ball	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia megapolitana*	Henker & Kiesew.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia melitensis*	Parl.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia mellifera*	Aiton	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia meyeriana*	Galushko	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia microsciadia*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia microsphaera*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia minuta*	Loscos & J. Pardo	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia montenegrina*	(Bald.) K. Malý	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia myrsinites*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia nereidum*	Jahand. & Maire	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia nevadensis*	Boiss. & Reut.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia nicaeensis*	All.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia normannii*	Schmalh. ex Lipsky	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia novorossica*	Dubovik	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia nubica*	N. E. Br.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia nurae*	P. Fraga & Rosselló	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia nutans*	Lag.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia oblongata*	Griseb.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia oblongifolia*	(K. Koch) K. Koch	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia obovata*	Decne.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia officinarum*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia orientalis*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia orjeni*	Beck	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia orphanidis*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia oschtenica*	Galushko	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia oxyodonta*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia oxyphylla*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia palustris*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia paniculata*	Desf.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia panjutinii*	Grossh.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia papillaris*	(Boiss.) Raffaelli & Ricceri	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia paralias*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia parvula*	Delile	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia pedroi*	Molero & Rovira	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia peplis*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia peplus*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia pestalozzae*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia petiolata*	Banks & Sol.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia petrophila*	C. A. Mey.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia phymatosperma*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia physocaulos*	Mouterde	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia piscatoria*	Aiton	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia pisidica*	Hub.-Mor. & M. S. Khan	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia pithyusa*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia platyphyllos*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia polyacantha*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia polygalifolia*	Boiss. & Reut.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia polygonifolia*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia portlandica*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia praecox*	(Boiss.) Fisch. ex Grossh.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia procera*	M. Bieb.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia promecocarpa*	Davis	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia prostrata*	Aiton	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia pseudoapios*	Maire & Weiller	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia pterococca*	Brot.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia pulcherrima*	Klotzsch	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia punctata*	Delile	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia pyrenaica*	Jord.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia regis-jubae*	J. Gay	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia repens*	K. Koch	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia resinifera*	O. Berg	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia retusa*	Forssk.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia reuteriana*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia rhabdotosperma*	Radcl.-Sm.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia rhytidosperma*	Boiss. & Balansa	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia rhytisperma*	(Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia rigida*	M. Bieb.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia rimarum*	Coss. & Balansa	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia salicifolia*	Host	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia sanasunitensis*	Hand.-Mazz.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia sanctae-catharinae*	Fayed	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia sareptana*	A. K. Becker	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia saxatilis*	Jacq.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia schottiana*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia scordiifolia*	Jacq.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia scripta*	Sommier & Levier	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia segetalis*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia seguieriana*	Neck.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia semiperfoliata*	Viv.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia semivillosa*	(Prokh.) Krylov	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia sera-comans*	Bubani	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia serpens*	Kunth	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia serpentini*	Novák	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia serrata*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia sintenisii*	Boiss. ex Freyn	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia smirnovii*	Geltman	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia sojakii*	(Chrtek & Křísa) Dubovik	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia soongarica*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia sororia*	Schrenk	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia spinosa*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia splendens*	Hook.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia squamigera*	Loisel.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia squamosa*	Willd.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia stricta*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia stygiana*	H. C. Watson	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia subcordata*	C. A. Mey. ex Ledeb.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia subhastifolia*	Klokov	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia sulcata*	Lens ex Loisel.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia sultan-hassei*	Strid, B. Bentzer, Bothmer, Engstrand & M. A. Gust.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia szovitsii*	Fisch. & C. A. Mey.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia tauricola*	Prokh.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia taurinensis*	All.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia terracina*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia thompsonii*	Holmboe	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia tirucalli*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia transtagana*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia triflora*	Schott, Nyman & Kotschy	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia trigona*	Mill.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia tshuiensis*	(Prokh.) Serg. ex Krylov	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia turolensis*	Sennen & Pau	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia tyraica*	Klokov & Artemczuk	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia uliginosa*	Welw. ex Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia undulata*	M. Bieb.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia valdevillosocarpa*	Arvat & Nyár.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia valerianifolia*	Lam.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia variabilis*	Ces.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia vedica*	Ter-Chatsch.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia veneris*	M. S. Khan	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia verrucosa*	L.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia wittmannii*	Boiss.	taxonomically included in
*Euphorbia yildirimlii*	Dinç	taxonomically included in

Subspecies group names

*Characias purpurea*	Gray	heterotypic synonym
*Euphorbia characias subsp. veneta*	(Willd.) Litard.	heterotypic synonym
*Euphorbia characias var. eriocarpa*	(Bertol.) Nyman	heterotypic synonym
*Euphorbia characias var. lusitanica*	O. Bolòs	heterotypic synonym
*Euphorbia characias var. veneta*	(Willd.) Fiori	heterotypic synonym
*Euphorbia cretica*	Mill.	heterotypic synonym
*Euphorbia cuatrecasasii*	Pau	heterotypic synonym
*Euphorbia eriocarpa*	Bertol.	heterotypic synonym
*Euphorbia rubens*	Chaix	heterotypic synonym
*Euphorbia veneta*	Willd.	heterotypic synonym
*Galarhoeus creticus*	(Mill.) Haw.	heterotypic synonym
*Tithymalus purpureus*	Lam.	heterotypic synonym
*Tithymalus serotina*	Raf.	heterotypic synonym
*Tithymalus venetus*	(Willd.) Klotzsch & Garcke	heterotypic synonym