Higher Classification: > Kingdom Animalia > Subkingdom Eumetazoa > Phylum Cnidaria > Subphylum Anthozoa > Class Octocorallia > Order Scleralcyonacea > Family Coralliidae > Genus Paragorgia

Paragorgia arborea (Linnaeus, 1758)

Rank: Species
Taxon Status: accepted

Original genus

Alcyonium Linnaeus, 1758

Relationships towards this taxon

Genus group names

*Paragorgia*	Milne Edwards, 1857	accepted genus name

Vernaculars (+) (-)

English: bubble gum coral; bubblegum coral; Horny coral; Kamchatka coral; tree bubblegum coral sources: Cairns, S.D., D.R. Calder, A. Brinckmann-Voss, C.B. Castro, P.R. Pugh, C.E. Cutress, W.C. Jaap, D.G. Fautin, R.J. Larson, G.R. Harbison, M.N. Arai & D.M. Opresko. (2002). Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Cnidaria and Ctenophora. 2nd ed. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, Bethesda, Maryland. 28:1-115.;Cole, T. C. H. (2017). Wörterbuch der Wirbellosen / Dictionary of Invertebrates. Latein-Deutsch-English. 2017. Springer Spektrum: Berlin. ISBN 978-3-662-52869-3. XII, 574 pp.;Volvenko, I. V.; Orlov, A. M.; Gebruk, A. V.; Katugin, O. N.; Ogorodnikova, A. A.; Vinogradov, G. M.; Maznikova, O. A. (2019). Checklist of the trawl macrofauna from the North Pacific and adjacent seas with information about fishery importance, potential product yield, and price range, supplement to: Volvenko, Igor V; Orlov, Alexei M; Gebruk, Andrey V; Katugin, Oleg N; Ogorodnikova, Alla A; Vinogradov, Georgy M; Maznikova, Olga A (in prep.): Trawl macrofauna of the Far-Eastern Seas and North Pacific: proportion of commercial species, potential product yield, and price rang. Earth System Science Data. PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science.;National General Status Working Group [Groupe de travail national sur la situation générale]. (2017). Standardized Common Names for Wild Species in Canada [Noms communs normalisés pour les espèces sauvages au Canada].

French: corail arborescent sources: National General Status Working Group [Groupe de travail national sur la situation générale]. (2017). Standardized Common Names for Wild Species in Canada [Noms communs normalisés pour les espèces sauvages au Canada].

German: Kaugummi-Koralle sources: Cole, T. C. H. (2017). Wörterbuch der Wirbellosen / Dictionary of Invertebrates. Latein-Deutsch-English. 2017. Springer Spektrum: Berlin. ISBN 978-3-662-52869-3. XII, 574 pp.

Russian: Парагоргия древовидная

Literature

basis of record	van Ofwegen, L.; Grasshoff, M.; van der Land, J. (2001). Octocorallia (excl. Pennatulacea), in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 104-105
additional source	Imahara, Y. (1996). Previously recorded octocorals from Japan and adjacent seas. Precious Corals and Octocoral Research, 4-mei, 17-44
additional source	Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
additional source	Bayer, F. M. (1993). Two new species of the gorgonacean genus Paragorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Precious Corals & Octocoral Research. 2: 1-10.
additional source	Bayer, F. M. (1992). The helioporacean octocoral Epiphaxum, recent and fossil: a monographic iconography. Studies in Tropical Oceanography, 15, 1-76
additional source	Watling, L.; Auster, P. (2005). Distribution of deep-water Alcyonacea off the Northeast Coast of the United States. In: Freiwald, A., R.J. Murray, editors. Cold-Water Corals and Ecosystems. Proceedings of the Second Deep-Sea Coral Symposium. 279-296.
additional source	Cairns, S.D., L. Gershwin, F.J. Brook, P. Pugh, E.W. Dawson, O.V. Ocaña, W. Vervoort, G. Williams, J.E. Watson, D.M. Opresko, P. Schuchert, P.M. Hine, D.P. Gordon, H.I. Campbell, A.J. Wright, J.A.Sánchez & D.G. Fautin. (2009). Phylum Cnidaria: corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans. in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. :59-101.
additional source	Stiasny, G. (1937). Die Gorgonacea der Siboga-Expedition. Suppl. II. Revision der Scleraxonia mit ausschluss der Melitodidae und Coralliidae. Siboga-Expeditie Monogr. 13b8, pp. i-vi + 1-138, plates 1-8.
additional source	Sherwood, O. A.; Jamieson, R. E.; Edinger, E. N.; Wareham, V. E. (2008). Stable C and N isotopic composition of cold-water corals from the Newfoundland and Labrador continental slope: Examination of trophic, depth and spatial effects. Deep-Sea Research, 55, 1392-1402
additional source	Bayer, F. M. (1959). The alcyonarian and black corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia and Antipatharia) described and figured by G.E. Rumphius. H. C. D. de Wit (eds.). Uitgeverij en Drukkerij Hollandia N.V. Baarn, pp. 225-247
additional source	Fabricius, K.; Alderslade, P. (2001). Soft Corals and Sea Fans: A Comprehensive Guide to the Shallow-water Genera of the Central-West Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Australian Institute of Marine Science. Townsville. pp. 264.
additional source	Sánchez, J. A. (2005). Systematics of the bubblegum corals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Paragorgiidae) with description of new species from New Zealand and the Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa. 1014(1): 1–72.
additional source	Utinomi, H.; Harada, E. (1973). Rediscovery of an enigmatic octocoral, Pseudogorgia godeffroyi Kolliker, from southern Australia and a discussion on its systematic position. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory. 20: 111-132.
additional source	Breeze, H., D.S. Davis, M. Butler, and V. Kostylev. 1997. Distribution and status of deep sea corals off Nova Scotia. Ecology Action Centre. Halifax. 58 p.
additional source	Smith, P. J.; McVeagh, S. M.; Mingoia, J. T.; France, S. C. (2004). Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in deep-sea bamboo coral (Keratoisidinae) species in the southwest and northwest Pacific Ocean. Marine Biology, 144, 253-261
additional source	Hickson, S.J. (1915). Some Alcyonaria and a Stylaster from the west coast of North America. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1915: 541-557, plate 1.
additional source	Verrill, A.E. (1864). Revision of the Polypi of the eastern coast of the United States. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History. 1: 1-45.
additional source	Bayer, F.M. (1961). The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region. A manual for marine biologists. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and Other Caribbean Islands. 12:1-373, pls. 1-23.
additional source	Carlgren, O. (1940). A contribution to the knowledge of the structure and distribution of the cnidae in the Anthozoa. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets Handlingar, 51, N.F., (3): 1-62
additional source	Alderslade, P. (2001). Six new genera and six new species of soft coral, and some proposed familial and subfamilial changes within the Alcyonacea. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington. 10:15-65.
additional source	Deichmann, E. (1936). The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College. 53: 1-317, plates 1-37.
additional source	Gass, S. E.; Willison, M. J. H. (2005). An assessment of the distribution of deep-sea corals in Atlantic Canada by using both scientific and local forms of knowledge. André Freiwald and J. Murray Roberts (eds.). Springer. Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 223-245
additional source	Verrill, A. E. (1922). The Alcyonaria of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918, with a revision of some other Canadian genera and species. Report on the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-1918, 8, G, G3-G87
new combination reference	Milne Edwards H,. (1857). Histoire naturelle des coralliaires, ou polypes proprement dits. 1. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris. 326 pp.
ecology source	Roberts, J.M., A. Wheeler, A. Freiwald & S.D. Cairns. (2009). Cold-water corals: The biology and geology of deep-sea coral habitats. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 324 pp.

Genbank

Citation

McFadden, C.S.; Cordeiro, R.; Samimi-Namin, K.; Williams, G.; van Ofwegen, L. (2025). World List of Octocorallia. Paragorgia arborea (Linnaeus, 1758). Via: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvantidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2011) European Register of Marine Species, Accessed through PESI at http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:125418